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PASS ARBORIST CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION
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PASS ARBORIST CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION
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PASS ARBORIST CERTIFICATIONSTUDY GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION
Meristem - Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips, and cambium.
Apical meristem - Meristems located at the end of the shoot are called primary, or
_________ meristems
Scales - Buds are covered by _____________ that leave permanent scars on the twig
when the buds break dormancy. These scars can be useful in tree ID.
Apical dominance - The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds
is called ______________.
Leaves - The food factories of trees are the ____________.
Photosynthesis & Oxygen - The process of _____________ combines carbon dioxide
and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars. _________ is also a product
of this reaction.
Chlorophyll - The green color of leaves is created by the presence of _____________,
which is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.
Transpiration - ___________ is the loss of water vapor from the leaves.
Stomata & Guard Cells - The opening and closing of _________ allows for gas
exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the ___________.
Xylem & Phloem - Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the
tree in the ___________. The ____________ conducts carbohydrates.
Cambium - The ______________ is a layer of meristematic cells located between the
phloem and the xylem.
Branch collar & Branch bark ridge - The ______ ________ is formed when trunk tissue
grows around branch tissues. As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each
other in the crotch, the __________ ______ ________ is formed.
Bark - ___________ protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury
and desiccation.
Absorption, conduction, anchorage, and storage. - Name four functions of the root
system>
,Osmosis - Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots by a process called
______________.
Tropism, Phototropism & Geotropism - The orientation of growth in response to an
external stimulus is called _____________. Two examples are ___________ and
____________.
CODIT - Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees
Excurrent & Decurrent - Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader are said
to exhibit ______________ growth. More rounded trees, which are often broader than
they are tall, have ______________ growth habits.
Mycorrhizae - Roots and fungi called ___________ exist in a symbiotic relationship,
which aids in the uptake of water and minerals.
Respiration - The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch, is
released is called ______________.
Deciduous & Evergreen - Trees that lose their leaves in the fall are called _________.
Trees that maintain their leaves for more than one year are called ___________.
Twig anatomy - twig anatomy
Cross section of young stem - Stem anatomy
Auxin - A plant hormone
Cuticle - Waxy covering of a leaf
Petiole - Stalk of a leaf
Internode - Between the nodes of a twig.
Lenticel - Small openings in stems for gas exchange.
Ray - Cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport.
Absorbing roots - mostly located in the upper 12 inches of soil.
Source - Mature, green leaves -- sugar producers.
Sink - Uses more energy than it produces.
Taxonomy - The classification of plants is called __________.
,Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species epithet - List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each term is
given.
Angiosperms and Gymnosperms - ___________ are vascular plants whose seeds are
covered (by an ovary). __________ are vascular plants with "naked seeds".
Monocotyledons (or monocots) - The term "dicotyledon (dicot)" refers to plants that
have two seed leaves at germination. Grasses and palm trees belong to another group
called _________ and have only one seed leaf.
Nomenclature - The naming of plants is called ___________.
Form or growth habit
Bark texture
Leaves
Flowers
Fruit
Seed
Buds
Leaf scars
Scent - Name five plant characteristics used to identify trees.
Opposite leaves - In temperate zones, most of the trees with opposite leaf arrangement
fall into four genera represented by "MAD Buck", for Maple, Ash, Dogwood, and
Buckeye.
Alternate leaves - Alternate leaves
Whorled leaves - Whorled leaves
buckeye, horsechestnut (pictured) - Name a tree with palmately compound leaves
__________.
Ash, walnut, Kentucky coffeetree, ailanthus, honeylocust - Name a tree with pinnately
compound leaves __________.
Lobed leaf -
Compound leaf with serrate margins -
, One - A compound leaf with multiple leaflets will have _________ bud(s).
ponderosa pine - Give an example of a tree that has more than one common name:
_____________.
Genus and Specific Epithet - In the scientific name Acer saccharum, Acer identifies the
___________, and saccharum identifies the _________ ____________.
Varieties and cultivars - Species are often subdivided into _________ or ___________
that have distinct differences from the general species.
Cultivar - A ___________ is a cultivated variety.
There are not in the same genus. - Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) differs from
blasam fir (Abies balsamea) in that...
Opposite - When two leaves and/or buds are located at the same node on a twig, the
arrangement is called...
Quercus rubra - Select the scientific name that is written correctly...
Quercus (oaks) - Which genus of trees usually does NOT have an opposite leaf
arrangement?
Pines - Which conifers have needles in bundles?
45%, 50%, and 5% - By volume, ideal soils are composed of ____ percent mineral
materials (sand, silt, and clay), ____ percent open or pore space, and ____ percent
organic matter and organisms.
O: Organic Layer
A: Contains most of the Absorbing roots of trees
E: Mineral Weathering
B: Composed of fine-textured materials from the A horizon and soil particles from the
lower parent material.
C: subsoil, the lowest layer other than bedrock, composed of rocky parent material. -
What are the 5 major soil horizons?
O, A, E, B, and C - Soil horizons
O and A soil horizon - The majority of the fine, absorbing roots of a tree are in the _____
and ____ horizons.
Compact, pore space - Driving vehicles across wet soil will ___________ the soil and
destroy soil _______ _________.
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