Summary
Onderzoekspracticum 3 experiment samenvatting
- Course
- Institution
Hele uitgebreide onderzoekspracticum samenvatting van een experiment
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ainoagpieters
Reviews received
Content preview
Onderzoekspracticum 3: ExperimentWebcollege over de 4 elementen van een zuiver experiment.
The Milgram Experiment
• Example: obedience to authority
• World famous study by Stanley Milgram.
• How far would people go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person?
• 65% continued to highest level
Elements of experimental designs
Element 1: Manipulation
• The researcher manipulates one variable by changing its value to create a set of two or more treatment
conditions.
• The independent variable
• A researcher wants to research different levels of an independent variable and therefore creates different
manipulations that leads to different conditions, treatments or levels
• Example: Disclosing Influencer Marketing
Element 2: Measurement
• A second variable is measured for a group of participants to obtain a set of scores in each treatment condition.
• The dependent variable
• Example: Disclosing Influencer Marketing
o Measurement of Ad Recognition in both conditions
Element 3: Comparison
• The scores in one treatment condition are compared with the scores in another treatment condition.
• Consistent differences between treatments are evidence that the manipulation has caused changes in the scores.
• To compare something you need to have a manipulation and you need to measure something.
• Example: Disclosing Influencer Marketing
o Comparison on Ad Recognition between condition 1 (no disclosure) and condition 2 (disclosure)
,Element 4: Control
• All other variables are controlled to be sure that they do not influence the two variables being examined
• Example: Disclosing Influencer Marketing
o Control every other variable (besides from IV and DV) to make sure there is no influence on DV.
o Control variables:
▪ Familiarity with YouTuber, Brand familiarity, gender, age, grade
o Other controlled factors:
▪ Children were randomly assigned to conditions
▪ Procedure was exactly the same for both conditions
Experiment?
World famous ‘Milgram Experiment’ But! Is this a true experiment?
X manipulation?
V measurement?
X comparison?
V control?
Milgram = No true experiment
Webcollege over het verschil tussen correlatie en causaliteit.
So what do you need to do to provide evidence for a causal relation?
• Use an experimental research strategy!
• The goal of the experimental research strategy is to establish the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship
between two variables.
• Cause -> Effect
The Experimental Research Strategy
, The Experimental Research Strategy
• By manipulating the independent variable we create different groups, and the
groups receive different treatments.
• The different scores of the dependent variable are caused by the treatment (IV),
unless…
• Independent variable -> Dependent variable
Extraneous variables
• ... Unless extraneous variables are involved
• Extraneous variables= All variables beyond the independent and dependent
variables.
• Every experiment is filled with them!
• The goal of a proper experimental design is to control these extraneous variables and prevent them from
becoming confounding variables
Confounding variables
Extraneous variables are problematic when they become confounding variables:
• …if it influences the dependent variable. Something totally unrelated to the dependent variable is not a threat
• …if it varies systematically with the independent variable. A variable that changes randomly, with no relation to
the independent variable, is not a threat.
Potential confounding variables in the Influencer Marketing study?
• Familiarity with YouTuber, Brand familiarity, gender, age, grade
• Others?
• Time of day, Hunger
Controlling extraneous variables
• Once a limited set of specific variables with real potential as confounding variables is identified, it is possible to
control them.
• 3 methods to control extraneous variables:
o 1. Randomization
o 2. Holding a variable constant
o 3. Matching
Control by randomization
50% chance for someone to end up in each group. Within group differences, but between group there needs to be as
small as possible differences.
Control by holding a variable constant
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ainoagpieters. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.53. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
66579 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now