Exploration and Absolutism Test | latest 2023/24 edition

Exploration and Absolutism Test | latest 2023/24 edition Prince Henry the Navigator - Founded a navigation school in Sagres, Portugal; had idea to sail around Africa to reach Asia Bartholomeo Dias - Portugese, reached Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa) in 1488 Vasco da Gama - Portugese, reaches India in 1497 Ferdinand Magellan - Spanish, First voyage to circumnavigate the globe, Hernando Cortes - Spaniard who conquered the Aztec Empire Francisco Pizarro - Spaniard who subdued the Incas and became the 1st governor of Peru Encomedia System - System similar to feudalism set up by the Spanish to maintain order in their New World Colonies Line of Demarcation - 1493, imaginary line that divided South America into West (Spain) and East (Portugal) Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494, Papal decree that set the Line of Demarcation Jacques Cartier - explores Canada and St. Lawrence Basin Samuel de Champlain - establishes Quebec in 1608 John Cabot - English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage Privateering - a system by which privately-owned and operated vessels were used to raid enemy shipping (legal piracy) Mercantilism - colonies exist to provide raw materials; exports must exceed imports; system is reliant on massive imports of gold and silver; Problem: leads to massive inflation in mother country Salutary Neglect - English policy that allowed for independent economic development in their colonies Triangular Trade - A three way system of trade during s; Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa Columbian Exchange - Transfer of products, ideas, and customs from old to new worlds and vice versa Cardinal Richelieu - was a major influence on European Absolutism; was the real power in France under the reign of Louis XIII; developed "Raison d'etat" Raison d'etat - "Reason of the State"; used to justify any government action 1.) Reduce the power of the nobility, stop internal struggles 2.) Increase the power of the church, Church acts as a tool of the state 3.) Invest in native culture, creates nationalism and patriotism Thirty Years War - ; Began as a German Civil War between Protestant North (Sweden, Netherlands, France) and Catholic South (Spain, Austria); becomes less about religious authority, more about royal dominance between Spain and France Treaty of Westphalia - Ends the Thirty Years War in 1648. Winners are France and Sweden; Losers are Spain, Austr