AP Euro Absolutism exam elaborations
Identify the common crises and achievements of seventeenth-century European states
Discuss the factors that led to the rise of the French absolutist state under Louis XIV, and the factors that led to the decline of absolutist Spain
Identify the common crises and achievements of seventeenth-century European states.
- ANSW- Severe economic, social, and military crisis, rebellion; poor harvests, high
taxes, decades of war. Increased powers, centralized control, strengthened
bureaucracies, and bigger armies.
Discuss the factors that led to the rise of the French absolutist state under Louis XIV,
and the factors that led to the decline of absolutist Spain. - ANSW- Used divine right of
kings to justify hold on power, centralized bureaucracy, professional army, state-
directed economy, collaboration of high nobles; economic catastrophe, decline in royal
capacities, fall in colonial trade, state debt, decline in manufacturing and agricultural
productivity
Explain how the rulers of Austria and Prussia managed to build powerful absolute
monarchies. - ANSW- Control over standing army, taxation, and representative bodies;
left underlying social and economical structure; growth of state power
Explain the baroque style in art and music, and identify where it was popular. - ANSW-
Rubens and Bach: emotional and exuberant; religious enthusiasm, seventeenth
century, Catholic countries (Spain, Latin America, Austria, s. Germany, and Poland)
Trace the emergence of constitutionalism in England and the Dutch Republic. - ANSW-
England violently resisted, civil war, emerged with constitutional monarchy; Bill of Rights
established parliamentary control of legal system. Dutch Republic rejected monarchical
rule after winning independence from Spain.
Describe the distinctive features of Russian and Ottoman absolutism. - ANSW- Mongol
conquest and rule set stage for absolutism; Ivan the Terrible's harsh rule sparked revolt.
Russia expanded, large empire, Peter the Great modernized absolutism. Ottomans
developed system in which all land belonged to the sultan; religious tolerance
Gluckel of Hameln - ANSW- Jewish widow, 12 children, wrote her autobiography;
source for scholars
How might Glückel's successes be attributed to the stabilizing force of absolutism in the
seventeenth century? - ANSW- Successful in social and business; importance of
dowry in marriage, childbirth, family, and life- dowries for girls
In rural villages, an important annual festival was... - ANSW- the killing of the family pig
... is a vision of a world in which community needs predominate over competition and
profit. - ANSW- A moral economy
, ... benefited the most from the inexpensive grain grown in eastern Europe. - ANSW-
England and the Netherlands
During the Thirty Years' War, German Protestants received subsidies from ... - ANSW-
the French chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu
The driving force of seventeenth-century state-building was ... - ANSW- warfare
In response to the devastation of the civil wars in France, _________ promised "a
chicken in every pot." - ANSW- Henry IV
The _________ was a revolt of both the popular masses and nobility in France that
challenged the regency government of Anne of Austria. - ANSW- Fronde
The artistic and literary world of Louis XIV in which artists and writers imitated the
subject matter and style of classical antiquity is called _________. - ANSW- French
Classicism
By the beginning of the eighteenth century, _________ had become established as the
language of polite society and international diplomacy. - ANSW- French
The Peace of Utrecht represented the _________ principle in action. - ANSW- Balance
of power
With his defeat of Bohemia in the Thirty Years' War, the Holy Roman Emperor
drastically reduced the power of _________. - ANSW- The Bohemian Estates
_________ effectively thwarted the full development of Habsburg absolutism in their
territory. - ANSW- The Hungarian nobility
The _________ were the landowning classes in Brandenburg and Prussia. - ANSW-
Junkers
Prussian absolutism was brought to fruition by __________. - ANSW- Frederick
William I, "the Soldiers' King"
The Ottoman state combined Arab and Persian traditions with the heritage of
_________. - ANSW- Byzantium
The _________ were the highest-ranking nobles in Russia. - ANSW- boyars
Peasants fleeing the policies of Ivan IV joined free groups and warrior bands known as
_________. - ANSW- Cossacks
During his tour of western European capitals, Peter the Great was especially impressed
with the growing power of _________. - ANSW- England and Holland
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