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Biological approach summary page/poster
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This summary document includes the key AO1 information, relevant studies and AO3 PEEL structured evaluative paragraphs for the biological approach
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Evolution and behaviour➢ Assumes that behaviours displayed today are
due to them being advantageous to our
BIOLOGICAL APPROACH
ancestors so therefore have been passed on KEY DEFINITIONS
due to the selective advantage meaning they
could live longer to therefore reproduce more. Evolution- gradual change in populations appearance over generations
Natural selection- major process of evolution with beneficial traits being passed on (selective advantage) and then
increasing in frequency within the population.
Genetic basis and behaviour Adaptive traits- aspect of the developmental pattern which facilitates the survival of its character
➢ Idea that behaviours may be inherited via Monozygotic twins- identical twins formed from one fertilised egg
genetic information passed on from parents
➢ Behaviours are therefore predetermined due Dizygotic twins- non identical twins from two fertilised eggs.
to the unique sequences of genes we possess
Phenotype- visual/displayed characteristics
➢ Shown by MZ (100% concordance) and DZ
twins (50% concordance) Genotype- all chromosomes one possesses for a particular feature.
➢ A condition may be inherited in the genotype
but may not be displayed in the phenotype
Neurochemistry and behaviour
Brain structure and behaviour ➢ Neurotransmitters are released over the
synaptic gap between two neurons to
➢ Organised so that certain cognitive communicate.
functions and behaviours exist in specific ➢ Hormones are chemicals which travel in blood
areas of the brain. stream.
➢ Damage or irregular development are ➢ Too many or little AO3- Evaluation
thought to directly affect related neurotransmitters/hormones can directly
behaviours. influence behaviour. P+ Scientific approach
➢ 4 different lobes: E+ Empirical method eg. Pet scans, increased internal validity
➢ Frontal- reasoning, planning, speech, E+ Highly controlled labs, reducing EVs and creating reliable
movement, emotions, problem solving results. Objective data, increased credibility.
➢ Temporal- perception and recognition of L+ Real life application due to meeting features of a science.
auditory stimuli and memory
P- Too reductionist
➢ Parietal- perception of stimuli
E- explaining complex behaviours down into smallest
➢ Occipital- vision.
components and claiming these are causing the condition
- 5 sub-cortical regions
L- Ignores other influences eg. Social, cognitive or emotional
➢ Thalamus- sensory gateway
influence.
➢ Amygdala- part of limbic system
➢ Hypothalamus- regulates autonomic P- Relies too heavily on twin studies
functions E- Issues as if identical twins are raised together hard to
➢ Pituitary- regulates hormone levels determine what is nature and nurture.
➢ Hippocampus- memory and spatial E- Twin adoption MZ studies are better as you can isolate
navigation. nature and nurture.
L- causes issues with sample size and generalisability in these
studies.
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