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Humanistic approach summary page/poster
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This summary document includes the key AO1 information, relevant studies and AO3 PEEL structured evaluative paragraphs for the Humanistic approach.
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MASLOW’S HIERACHY OF NEEDS BASIC ASSUMPTIONS CARL ROGERS AND CONGRUENCE➢ Self-actualisation is the idea that everyone has - Every individual is unique (idiographic Rogers focused on the self and believed that the
the ability and innate tendency to reach their approach) more congruent one’s self-concept and ideal self
full potential - Free will are, the closer your real self is to reaching your real
➢ In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, if the first - People should be viewed holistically- we self.
level is not fulfilled, then all the other needs should not just look at one aspect of an
cannot be met either. individual Self-concept- the self you feel you are
- Scientific approach is not appropriate to Ideal-self- the self you wish to be
measure behaviour- methods should measure
subjective experience. Real-self- the self you actually are.
Conditions of worth-the requirements you feel you
Emphasises importance of subjective experience and must have in order to be loved or validated. These
each person’s capacity for self-determination. can be put onto yourself by yourself or someone
else.
Unconditional positive regard- the idea that you
➢ Physiological- food, breathing, water, sleep,
THE HUMANISTIC APPROACH will be loved without proviso is needed in order to
reach self-actualisation. Without this, you may not
shelter, sex, health be able to reach self-actualisation.
➢ Safety- personal security, resources, financial KEY TERMS
security
➢ Love and belonging- intimacy, friendship Free will- notion that humans can make choices and are Influence on counselling therapy
family not determined by internal biological or external forces.
➢ Esteem- respect from others and yourself We determine our own path. ➔ Important since 1990’s
➢ Self-actualisation which may be displayed in ➔ Rogers client and person centered
Idiographic approach- an approach to research that therapy is non directive and the patient is
many ways eg. morality, creativity,
focuses on the individual case as a means of encouraged towards the discovery of
spontaneity, acceptance, problem solving etc.
understanding behaviour. One’s subjective experience is their own solutions.
more important than a universal generalisation. ➔ Emphasis on a warm, supportive, non-
AO3 limitations-
judgemental therapeutic setting in order
P-the concepts of the approach and the subjective
to increase the person’s feeling of self-
experience are hard to test scientifically. E- can’t test self- AO3 strengths-
worth and reduce the incongruence
congruence and self-actualisation. L- this means it doesn’t
P- it is not reductionist. E- holistic approach so doesn’t break between the self-concept and the ideal
meet empirical methods as there is a lack of empirical down behaviour into smaller components. L- increased validity. self.
evidence
➔ Elliott 2002 showed humanistic therapies
P-Cultural bias as it was developed in the western world P- Positive approach. E- believe all people are good and have
free will/control over their own lives (self-determining) to work were more effective than not
where individuality is fostered as well as autonomy. E-
towards their full potential. L- motivates patients into being
This therefore does not apply as much in collectivist
more optimistic and creates a positive image of the human
cultures which emphasise the idea of the group or
condition.
community.
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