Deze samenvatting () heb ik gemaakt op basis van de slides, notities en het boek. Het bevat alle belangrijke informatie die je op het examen zal moeten kennen. Ik haalde met deze samenvatting hoge onderscheiding, dus alle informatie die je moet kennen staat hierin.
Ik ga eerlijk zijn... dit was ...
This is also a spam comment! This person/bot is linked to a non-existent university (UNI?) and his account is set up in French... in my opinion, my summaries are not in French, so this will explain the man's unfortunate response: I'm sorry, but let me know in a different - less slow - way. Thank you
By: FearOfTheFury • 9 months ago
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By: decockwendy • 9 months ago
By: FearOfTheFury • 8 months ago
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Thanks a lot, Wendy! Good luck with the exam! :)
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Culturele Antropologie
Samenvatting | Prof. Koenraad Stroeken | 2022-2023
1
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
1 Les 1: Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Toepassingen van culturele antropologie ....................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Wat is antropologie? ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Vier velden v/d Antropologie .................................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Dimensies van antropologie............................................................................................................................ 8
1.3.1 Structuur vs. actor: verklaring op verschillende niveaus (micro, meso en macro) .................................. 8
1.3.2 Materialisme vs. idealisme ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.3 Een derde dimensie? ............................................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Antropologische benadering van cultuur ........................................................................................................ 9
1.5 Structuur van de cursus ................................................................................................................................ 10
1.6 Definitie van cultuur ..................................................................................................................................... 12
1.7 Kwestie: Cultuurrelativisme (CV) ................................................................................................................... 14
DEEL 1: AANPASSING: MENS ALS DIER | ACTOR-MATERIALISME
2 Les 2: Cultuurmaterialisme en geschiedenis ......................................................................................................... 16
2.1 Materiële verklaring v. culturele verschillen ................................................................................................. 16
2.1.1 Casestudy 1: Waarom vrouwenemancipatie in het Westen? ............................................................... 16
2.1.2 Casestudy 2: Waarom verschilt de manier v. eigendomserving per cultuur? ....................................... 17
2.1.3 Casestudy 3: Waarom verschilt de mate v. territorialiteit per cultuur? ................................................ 17
2.1.4 Casestudy 4: Waarom de opkomst v/h Westen? – Guns, Germs and Steel (J. Diamond; 1997) ............ 18
2.2 Actor-Materialisme: adaptief en aangeleerd ................................................................................................ 18
2.2.1 Algemene informatie – Speltheorie (F. Barth)....................................................................................... 18
2.2.2 Casestudy 1: Fur-landbouw in Arabische landen – relatie taakverdeling tss man en vrouw ................. 19
2.2.3 Casestudy 2: Fiji-eilanden – Woningen met zicht op zee ...................................................................... 19
2.2.4 Casestudy 3: Toepassing speltheorie (Barth) – Swat-vallei (Afghanistan/Pakistan) .............................. 19
2.2.5 Kritiek op de speltheorie: Assad – aanhanger structuurmaterialisme................................................... 20
2.3 Structuurmaterialisme v. Marvin Harris – 3 causale structuren .................................................................... 21
2.3.1 Wie is Marvin Harris? ............................................................................................................................ 21
2.3.2 Toepassing: de evolutie van eco-politieke systemen in de wereld ....................................................... 21
2.4 Materiële of cognitieve verklaring? – Voedseltaboes varkens- en rundsvlees .............................................. 24
2.4.1 Eerste verbod: Varkensvlees (Joden en moslims) – Mary Douglas (idealisme) ..................................... 24
2.4.2 Tweede verbod: Rundsvlees (Hindoeïsme) – 2-ledige materiële verklaring: ........................................ 24
2.5 Kritiek op het cultuurmaterialisme ............................................................................................................... 25
2.5.1 Structuuridealisme vs. cultuurmaterialisme ......................................................................................... 25
2.5.2 Actor-idealisme vs. cultuurmaterialisme – kwestie voedseltaboes ....................................................... 25
2.6 Tegen cultuuressentialisme? – het tegengif ................................................................................................. 27
2.6.1 Zelfkritiek Le Billon op materiële verklaring .......................................................................................... 27
2
,DEEL 2: CREATIVITEIT: MENS ALS PROGRAMMA | STRUCTUUR-IDEALISME
3 Les 3: Het Structuralisme – Studie van cultuur op z’n meest complex.................................................................. 29
3.1 Nature (aangeboren, aanleg) vs. Nurture (aangeleerd) ................................................................................ 29
3.2 Evolutie v. “cultuur”: Materialisme vs. Idealisme ......................................................................................... 30
3.2.1 Cultuur volgens structuralisme – middenweg tss nature en nurture .................................................... 30
3.2.2 Materialisme vs. Idealisme.................................................................................................................... 30
3.3 Voorlopers v/h Structuralisme ...................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.1 Lévy-Bruhl (1920) – niet-westerse culturen zijn ‘prélogisch’................................................................. 30
3.3.2 Sapir-Whorfthese (of hypothese van linguïstische relativiteit).............................................................. 31
3.3.3 Ferdinand de Saussure .......................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.4 Structuralisme v. Lévi-Strauss (p. 90-98) ............................................................................................... 33
3.3.5 Casestudy 1: Kariera-Arboriginals en hun 4 verwantschapstermen in 2 moieties ‘helften ................... 34
3.3.6 Casestudy 2: De culinaire driehoek ....................................................................................................... 35
3.3.7 Concept ‘de canonieke relatie’ m.b.t. mythen en verhalen .................................................................. 36
3.4 Kritiek op Lévi-Strauss ................................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.1 Weerwoord v. Lévi-Strauss ................................................................................................................... 38
3.4.2 Misverstanden rond Lévi-Strauss .......................................................................................................... 38
3.5 Actualiteit en structuralisme: Race and History (Lévy-Strauss; 1952) ........................................................... 39
DEEL 3: LEEFWERELDEN: MENS ALS SUBJECT | ACTOR-IDEALISME
4 Les 4: Culturen, persoonlijkheid en ervaringskaders ............................................................................................ 41
4.1 Inleiding: Bepaalt cultuur je persoonlijkheid? En is deze cultuur veranderlijk? ............................................ 41
4.2 Margaret Mead (1901 – 78): Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) ...................................................................... 42
4.2.1 Een puberteitscrisis op het eiland Samoa? ........................................................................................... 42
4.2.2 Kritiek v. Freeman: Is Mead fout? ......................................................................................................... 42
4.2.3 Toch geen bedrog? Steun v. Nancy Scheper-Huges (1944 – nu) ........................................................... 42
4.3 Ruth Benedict (1887 – 48): The chrysanthemum and the sword (1946) ....................................................... 43
4.3.1 Verschil tss Japanse en Amerikaanse soldaten? .................................................................................... 43
4.3.2 Kritiek op The chrysanthemum and the sword door C. Geertz .............................................................. 44
4.3.3 Waarom introductie met Mead en Benedict? ....................................................................................... 44
4.4 Interpretatieve antropologie: Geertz, Boddy en Handelman ........................................................................ 45
4.4.1 C. Geertz (1926 – 2006): Deep play (1973): Notes on the Balinese cockfight en ‘Thick description’ ..... 45
4.4.2 Victor Turner & Janice Boddy: Performatieve (performance) theorie v. rituelen .................................. 46
4.4.3 Handelman: Models & Mirrors (naar Paul Ricoeur) .............................................................................. 46
4.5 Postcolonial studies: Said, Lyotard, Clifford, Fabian, Foucoult, Scott en Williams ........................................ 47
4.5.1 Voorgeschiedenis: Antropologie en de grands récits “grote verhalen” (naar Lyotard) ......................... 47
4.5.2 De nieuwe garde… en het postmodernisme ......................................................................................... 47
4.5.3 Actor-structuralisme: Sherry Ortner’s Subjectivity and cultural critique (1995) - EXAMEN .................. 48
4.5.4 Subaltern studies: Can the subaltern really speak? ............................................................................... 49
3
, 4.6 Culturen en emoties: Ekman en Shweder ..................................................................................................... 50
4.6.1 Psychologische/medische antropologie en transculturele psychiatrie ................................................. 50
4.6.2 Kritiek: Van cultuurrelativisme naar cultuuressentialisme? .................................................................. 50
4.7 Ervaringskaders ............................................................................................................................................. 51
4.7.1 Studie cultuurverschillen: Heeft elke cultuur haar waarheid? Is ‘waarheid’ zelf e. ervaringskader? .... 51
4.7.2 Antwoord v. Bateson: Cybernetica - EXAMEN ...................................................................................... 51
4.8 Het Cultuurdebat: Hoe anders is e. ‘andere’ cultuur? – De Moord op James Cook ...................................... 54
4.8.1 Sahlins en Obeyesekere: ‘Denken inheemse volkeren rationeel zoals h. Westen?’ .............................. 54
4.8.2 Casus: het Makahiki-feest ..................................................................................................................... 55
4.8.3 Repliek Sahlins: How Natives think: About Captain Cook, for example ................................................. 56
4.8.4 Samenvattend: Spanningsvelden in de culturele antropologie O vs. S ................................................. 57
DEEL 4: MACHTSSTRUCTUREN: MENS ALS (GROEPS)LID | STRUCTUUR-MATERIALISME
5 Identiteit en Conflict (hfdst 8) ............................................................................................................................... 59
5.1 Identiteit ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
5.1.1 4 visies op nationale/etnische identiteit (Eriksen) ................................................................................ 59
5.1.2 Imagined communities (B. Anderson, 1983) ......................................................................................... 60
5.2 Identiteit en conflict: 3 gevalstudies (Eriksen, 2010) .................................................................................... 61
6 Globalisering, macht en technologie (hfdst 9) ...................................................................................................... 62
6.1 De gift en universaliteit: de Kula ................................................................................................................... 62
6.1.1 Gift en sociale wet................................................................................................................................. 62
6.1.2 Malinowski: het giftsysteem in het Kula-circuit .................................................................................... 63
6.1.3 Relatiewaarde (= offer) in gift (Sukuma) ............................................................................................... 64
6.1.4 De logica (a + b) v/d gift ........................................................................................................................ 64
6.2 Uitwisselingssferen: de Tiv (1950’s) .............................................................................................................. 65
6.3 Productiewijzen: Mondiaal kapitalisme ........................................................................................................ 66
6.4 Status, identiteit en uitsluiting ...................................................................................................................... 67
6.5 Het Westers giftsysteem? ............................................................................................................................. 68
6.6 Macht, structuur en conflict ......................................................................................................................... 70
6.7 Cultuur in technologie: een nieuw antropologische stroming (STS) ............................................................. 71
7 Toepassing: Hekserij is modern ............................................................................................................................ 72
7.1 Probleemstelling ........................................................................................................................................... 72
7.2 Toepassing v/d 4 antropologische stromingen ............................................................................................. 74
7.2.1 Actor-Materialisme (MAGGY) ............................................................................................................... 74
7.2.2 Structuur-Idealisme (Isidore) ................................................................................................................ 75
7.2.3 Actor-Idealisme (IDA) ............................................................................................................................ 79
7.2.4 Structuur-Materialisme (MOSOV) ......................................................................................................... 80
7.3 Synthese: Ervaringskaders- of structuren?.................................................................................................... 81
7.5 Open besluit .................................................................................................................................................. 85
4
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