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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 1 - deel biochemie - chemie en inleiding tot biochemische processen
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Samenvatting van hoofdstuk 1 deel inleiding tot biochemische processen
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H1: NIET-COVALENTE KRACHTEN TSS BIOMOLECULENBiochemische processen = essentiële omkeerbare interacties tss biologische moleculen
- Bv. enzym-substraatinteracties, binding vn signaalmol op receptor
- interacties tss functionele groepen vn biomoleculen
o cov bindingen
o vooral zwakke niet-cov aantrekkingskrachten (elektroden delen)
= elektrostatische aantrekkingen (een beetje neg en andere beetje pos)
# types niet-cov krachten (bpld dr polariteit)
- tss geladen / polaire moleculen:
o Ionaire/elektrostatische aantrekking
o Dipoolinteracties (dipool-dipoolkrachten)
o H-bruggen
- tss apolaire moleculen
o Londonkrachten
1.1. IONAIRE AANTREKKING (ZOUTBRUG) & DIPOOL-DIPOOLKRACHT
IONBINDING
= aantrekking tss pos lading (kation) en neg lading (anion)
- dicht genoeg bij mekaar zoutbrug vormen
o belang bij eiwitopvouwing, werking enzymen…
- sterkte: wet van Coulomb: F = (q1 q2) / r² D
o q = grote vn ladingen
o r = afstand tss kation en anion
o D = di-elektriciteits-cte = omgevingsfactoren
(= hoe goed ionen zullen aantrekken, hoe goed zoutbrug kn optreden)
In luchtledige: D=1
In water: D=80
- rel energiesterkte = 33kJ/mol
DIPOOL-DIPOOL-AANTREKKINGSKRACHTEN / KEESOMKRACHTEN
= zwakke aantrekking tss polaire molecule/ functionele groep met partieel pos / neg
lading
- sterkte
o zwakker dn tss ionen
- rechtevenredig met product vn nettodipoolmomenten vn elke molecule
(of vn functionele groepen in biomolecule)
- omgekeerd evenredig met r³
1.2. WATERSTOFBRUGVORMING
- sterkte
o heel zwak in vglm cov bindingen; E = 10^-30 kJ/mol
o ~ positie vn botrokken atomen lineaire H-bruggen = sterkst
- Rol
o Stabilisatie vn structuurelementen in eiwitten
bv. interacties tss complementaire basen vn DNA/RNA
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