Lecture notes from Imperial College London, Medical Biosciences BSc, 2nd year, Pharmacology module
PHAR 7 on antimicrobials: we will consider drugs that are used in the treatment of microbial infection, exploiting key differences in biochemistry that permit treatments with varying degrees of sel...
- prokaryotic life => Archaea & Bacteria
- unicellular with no membrane-bound nucleus/ organelles
- bacterial ribosomes => synthesise oligopeptides, proteins
- can symbiose w/ animal cells (ex: in gut) => commensal
relationship (only 1 benefits from interaction ≠ mutualistic )
-
no harm to host sometimes)
, - can be pathogenic (but membranes, fluid compo, pH, innate immune system try to prevent it)
- human body = 30 trillion human cells + 40 trillion bacterial cells
- shape diversity:
- diversity in cell walls: ≠ layers of petidoglycan (see after) => different responses to antibacterials
- evolution over time: many environmental niches colonised by bacteria (found everywhere)
=> 1st one: archaebacteria 4000 million years ago (still exist)
Magic bullets
- Paul Ehrlich found that arsenic-containing compounds cure syphilis (caused by treponema pallidum)
=> synthesised the organoarsenic salvarsan
- “Magic Bullet” = ideal therapeutic agent that affect the target organism selectively (no side-effects)
- antibacterials target (look at previous table)
=> genetic material replication
=> nucleic acid synthesis
=> structural integrity: cell wall synthesis
=> membrane needed for growth synthesis
=> protein synthesis
Introduction to antibacterial agents
- class I: target production of precursors using glucose
Istructural integrity
derived ATP => restrict downstream processes
- class II: target production of small molecules
from class I precursors
Ex: trimethoprim...
- class III: target production of macromolecules
from small molecule substrates
Ex: penicillin, ciprofloxacin...
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lisaribau. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.30. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
