Summary Grade 10 term 3 Physics: Energy and Change Examination Study Notes
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Course
Natural science
Institution
9th Grade
Thorough, effective, efficient and simplified study notes for Natural science grade 9 covering the topic Energy and Change. The notes include a summary, self test questions and answers for each sub topic. The notes are well structured and easy to study from.
● - Forces are interactions that push or pull objects, measured in newtons (N).
● - They initiate, stop, change direction, and reshape motion.
● - Unseen forces like friction can halt motion.
● - Sir Isaac Newton defined the laws of motion related to forces.
● - Forces act in pairs, with equal and opposite reactions.
● - Gravity pulls objects towards massive ones, like Earth.
Questions:
1. What is a force, and how is it measured?
2. How do forces affect the motion of objects?
3. Give an example of an unseen force mentioned in the textbooks.
4. Who is credited with defining the laws of motion related to forces?
5. Explain the concept of forces acting in pairs.
6. What is gravity, and how does it affect objects?
Answers:
1. A force is a push or pull exerted upon an object and is measured in newtons (N).
2. Forces can start or stop motion, change direction, and alter shape.
3. An example of an unseen force is friction, which can stop the motion of an
object.
4. Sir Isaac Newton is credited with defining the laws of motion related to forces.
5. Forces act in pairs, so when you push on an object, it pushes back with an
equal force.
6. Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward massive ones, like how the Earth
pulls everything towards it.
,Types of Forces
Summary:
- A force is a push or pull resulting from the interaction between objects,
measured in newtons (N).
- Forces always act in pairs, can change shape, direction, and speed of objects.
- There are two main categories of forces: Contact Forces and Field Forces.
- Contact forces include Tensile (stretching), Compression (squashing), Magnetic,
Electric, and Friction forces.
- Field forces include Gravitational, Magnetic, and Electrostatic forces.
- Balanced forces, equal in size but opposite in direction, result in no movement.
- Unbalanced forces cause movement in the direction of the resultant force.
Questions
1. Define a force and its measurement unit.
2. How do forces always act in relation to each other?
3. List the types of contact forces mentioned in the textbooks.
4. What are field forces, and give examples of them.
5. Explain what happens when balanced forces act on an object.
6. What occurs when unbalanced forces act on an object?
Answers
1. A force is a push or pull, measured in newtons (N).
2. Forces always act in pairs, exerting equal and opposite actions.
3. Contact forces include Tensile (stretching), Compression (squashing), Magnetic,
Electric, and Friction forces.
4. Field forces are those that can act through empty space without direct contact.
Examples include Gravitational, Magnetic, and Electrostatic forces.
, 5. When balanced forces act on an object, there is no movement or a continuation
of current motion at the same speed and direction.
6. Unbalanced forces cause the object to move in the direction of the resultant
force.
Contact Forces
Summary:
- Contact forces act at the point of contact between two objects.
- They include friction, tension, and compression when two objects touch.
- Specific types of contact forces mentioned include torsion, shear, and bending
forces.
- Friction is a force that opposes motion, slows it down, and can release energy in
the form of noise, vibration, or heat.
- Tension is a pulling force typically measured in newtons (N) and is exemplified by
ropes or cables.
- Compression is a pushing force that causes objects to become squashed or
compacted.
Questions:
1. What are contact forces, and where do they act?
2. List some specific types of contact forces discussed in the textbooks.
3. Explain how friction affects motion and releases energy.
4. Describe tension as a contact force and provide an example.
5. What happens when compression force is applied to an object?
Answers
1. Contact forces are forces that act at the point of contact between two objects.
2. Specific types of contact forces include torsion, shear, and bending forces, in
addition to friction, tension, and compression.
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