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Samenvatting - Sociologie

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dit is een samenvatting sociologie vanuit het eerste jaar SRW. deze samenvatting is leerstof van de hoorcolleges (powerpoints+notities) 13/20 behaald (eerste zit)

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  • September 26, 2023
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Sociologie

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1 Deel 1: op verkenningstocht naar de sociologie..................................................................................3
2 Deel 1: Hoofdstuk 1: sociologie, een poging tot de definitie...............................................................3
2.1 Definitie: wat is sociologie?..........................................................................................................3
2.2 Wetenschapskennis vs ervaringskennis........................................................................................4
2.2.1 Wetenschapskennis...............................................................................................................4
2.3 Sociale wetenschappen vs natuurwetenschappen.......................................................................4
2.4 Onderscheid tussen sociologie en andere sociale wetenschappen..............................................5
3 Deel1: Hoofdstuk 2: ontstaan en de grondleggers van de sociologie..................................................6
3.1 Ontstaan van sociologie................................................................................................................6
3.2 Grondleggers vd sociologie...........................................................................................................6
4 Deel 2: hfst 1: sociaal handelen, sociale interactie en com.................................................................7
4.1 Sociaal handelen...........................................................................................................................7
4.2 Sociale interactie en com..............................................................................................................9
5 Deel 2: hfdst 2: het routinekarakter vd SL.........................................................................................10
5.1 Sociale relaties............................................................................................................................10
5.2 Sociale positie.............................................................................................................................10
5.3 Sociale rol...................................................................................................................................11
6 Deel 2: hfdst 3 cultuur.......................................................................................................................12
6.1 Definitie v cultuur.......................................................................................................................12
6.2 Componenten van cultuur..........................................................................................................13
6.3 Subculturen................................................................................................................................15
6.4 Etnocentrisme en cultureel relativisme......................................................................................16
6.5 Institutionalisering en instituties................................................................................................16
7 Deel 2: hfdst 4: socialisering..............................................................................................................17
7.1 Definitie......................................................................................................................................17
7.2 Primaire, secundaire en tertiaire socialisering............................................................................18
7.3 Differentiële socialisering...........................................................................................................19
7.4 Anticiperende socialisering.........................................................................................................19
7.5 Het collectief ritueel...................................................................................................................20
8 Deel 2: hfdst 5: conformisme, deviant gedrag en sociale controle....................................................20
8.1 Conformisme..............................................................................................................................20
8.2 Deviant gedrag............................................................................................................................20
8.3 Sociale controle..........................................................................................................................21

,9 Hfdst 6: sociale stratificatie en sociale ongelijkheid..........................................................................22
9.1 Definitie en basisprincipes..........................................................................................................22
9.2 Sociale stratificatie......................................................................................................................23
9.2.1 Systemen van sociale stratificatie........................................................................................23
9.2.2 Enkele visies op het klassenbegrip.......................................................................................24
9.3 Sociale mobiliteit........................................................................................................................26
9.4 Sociale ongelijkheid....................................................................................................................27
9.4.1 Financiële sociale ongelijkheid.............................................................................................27
9.4.2 Sociale ongelijkheid in het onderwijs...................................................................................28
9.4.3 Sociale ongelijkheid in de gezondheid.................................................................................31
9.4.4 sociale ongelijkheid op de arbeidsmarkt.............................................................................31
10 Samenleving in beweging................................................................................................................32
11 Globalisering....................................................................................................................................32
11.1 Definitie van globalisering........................................................................................................32
11.1.1 Globalisering op terugweg.................................................................................................33
11.1.2 Winnaars en verliezers vd globalisering: de olifantencurve van Milanovic........................33
11.2 Demografisch gevolg van globalisering: superdiversiteit..........................................................33
12 van modernisering naar postmodernisering....................................................................................34
12.1 modernisering...........................................................................................................................34
12.1.1 differentiatie......................................................................................................................34
12.1.2 Rationalisatie.....................................................................................................................35
12.1.3 Secularisering.....................................................................................................................35
12.1.4 Individualisering.................................................................................................................36
12.2 Postmoderniteit........................................................................................................................37
13 Samenlevingen in beweging: Het vraagstuk van de sociale cohesie................................................38
13.1 Individualisering, rationalisering en sociale cohesie: utilitair individualisme............................38
13.2 De evolutie in de sociale cohesie volgens E. durkheim.............................................................39
13.3 Meer recente studies over sociale cohesie...............................................................................39
13.3.1 Bronnen van sociale cohesie..............................................................................................39
13.3.2 Bonding bridging, linking...................................................................................................40
13.3.3 Belang van sociale cohesie.................................................................................................40
13.4 Solidariteit in België..................................................................................................................41
13.4.1 Indirecte solidariteit...........................................................................................................41
13.4.2 Directe solidariteit.............................................................................................................41
14 Hdst 4: demografische evoluties......................................................................................................42
14.1 Wat is demografie....................................................................................................................42

, 14.2 Opbouw v/e bevolking..............................................................................................................42
14.2.1 Omvang v/e bevolking.......................................................................................................42
14.2.2 Structuur v/e bevolking.....................................................................................................42
14.3 Beweging v/e bevolking............................................................................................................45
14.3.1 Natuurlijke beweging.........................................................................................................45
14.3.2 Sociale beweging...............................................................................................................46
14.4 Demografische transities..........................................................................................................46
15 Hfdst 5: gezinnen in beweging.........................................................................................................46
15.1 Definitie gezin...........................................................................................................................46
15.2 3 gezinstijdperken.....................................................................................................................47
15.3 Tijdsbesteding...........................................................................................................................48
15.4 Van bevelshuishouden naar onderhandelingshuishouden.......................................................51
15.5 Gevolgen van echtscheiding.....................................................................................................51
Les 1:

1 Deel 1: op verkenningstocht naar de sociologie
Hfst 1: sociologie, een poging tot definitie
Hfst 2: ontstaan en de grondleggers van de sociologie


2 Deel 1: Hoofdstuk 1: sociologie, een poging tot de definitie
2.1 Definitie: wat is sociologie?
- Geen eenduidige definitie: meer dan 80 definities
 “Sociologie is de wetenschap die zich bezighoudt met het analyseren, beschrijven en
verklaren van:
o het gedrag van en tussen mensen voor zover dat beïnvloed wordt door het feit dat zij
in bepaalde verhoudingen tot elkaar staan;
o de daaruit voortgekomen –min of meer vaste- gedragspatronen, structuren en
bindende opvattingen in hun ontstaan, voortbestaan en veranderen.” (De Jager &
Mok)
 “De sociologie is de wetenschap van de enigszins stabiele structuren en processen van
sociale aard.” (Van Doorn & Lammers)

- Sociologie is een samenstelling van
 Socius: metgezel/ societas: SL
 Logos: wetenschap
 Voorlopige definitie: wetenschap vd menselijke SL
o Sociologie bestudeert de sociale wetenschap

, 2.2 Wetenschapskennis vs ervaringskennis




2.2.1 Wetenschapskennis
- Onderzoekscyclus




2.3 Sociale wetenschappen vs natuurwetenschappen
- Onderzoekselementen: identiek vs verschillend




- Wetmatigheid: overal geldig (universeel) vs niet universeel

- Onderzoeker: buiten het onderzoeksveld vs deel vh veld
 Discussie:
o Is sociologie 100% objectief, neutraal, waardenvrij?
o Moet sociologie 100% objectief, neutraal, waardenvrij

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