CCRP Exam Prep Exam Questions with Correct Solutions| Rated A+

Who was tried in the Nuremburg Military Tribunals and why? - Doctors who committed war crimes against humanity including medical experiments on concentration camp inmates and other human subjects without consent What was the outcome of the Nuremburg Military Tribunals? - After 140 days of proceedings with testimony of 85 witnesses and submission of 1,500 documents, American judges convicted 16 doctors on 8/20/1947. Seven were sentenced to death and executed 6/2/1948. What historical document was born from the Nuremberg Military Tribunals? - The Nuremberg Code (1947) According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury... - should be avoided According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), voluntary consent of the human subject is... - absolutely essential According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), the experiment must yield.... - generalizable knowledge that could not be obtained in any other way and is not random and unnecessary in nature According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), animal experimentation should... - precede human experimentation According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), no experiment should be conducted if there is reason to believe... - death of disabling injury will occur According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), the degree of risk to subject should... - never exceed the humanitarian importance of the problem According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), risk to subjects should be minimized through... - proper preparations According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), experiments should only be conducted by... - scientifically qualified investigators According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), subjects should always be at liberty to... - withdraw from experiments According to the Nuremberg Code (1947), investigators must be ready to end an experiment at any stage if... - there is cause to believe that continuing the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the subject The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) emphasized what? - Brought about by the need for human research as opposed to human experimentation and better defined the criteria for consent What organization originally adopted the Declaration of Helsinki? - The World Medical Association General Assembly What did the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) provide recommendations for? - Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) reiterated the basic ethical principles from what document? - The Nuremberg Code According to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), informed consent must be obtained from who? - The subject or legal guardian According to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), design and performance of experimental procedure must be... - formulated in a clear protocol According to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), research protocols should be transmitted to... - a specially appointed independent committee for consideration, comment and guidance Who ran the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male? - The US Public Health Service and the Tuskegee Institute What was the purpose of the Tuskegee Experiments? - To justify treatment programs for black Americans When were the Tuskegee Experiments intiated? - 1932 What were the the concerns with the Tuskegee experiments? - -No informed consent -Misleading advertisement -Had to agree to autopsy to have funeral costs covered -Treatment denied to some patients -Risky spinal tap diagnostic Who broke the story of the Tuskegee Experiments? - Peter Buxton told the story to an Associated Press reporter When did the Tuskegee Study end? - 1972, 25 years after a cure was known and publicly available How were participants in the Tuskegee experiments impacted? - 28 died from syphilis, 100 died from related diseases, and 40 wives and 19 children were infected What historical document was the direct result of the Tuskegee Syphilis Trial? - The Belmont Report (1979) When was the Henry K Beecher paper published? - Published in 1966 How was the Belmont Report (1979) developed? - The report of the National Commission for the Protecting of Human Subjects in Biomedical and Behavioral Research, founded as a result of the national Research Act passed by Congress in 1974 The Belmont Report (1979) defines the boundaries between ________ and ________ - Practice and research According to the Belmont Report (1979), practice is defined as - interventions designed solely to enhance well-being of the patient with reasonable expectation of success According to the Belmont Report (1979), research is defined as - activity designed to test a hypothesis and draw a conclusion to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge According to the Belmont Report (1979), the informed consent process is an example of what foundation of ethical research? - Respect for persons According to the Belmont Report (1979), treating people as independence is an example of what foundation of ethical research? - Respect for persons According to the Belmont Report (1979), respect for persons means that those with diminished authority are entitled to... - Protection