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Samenvatting - Staatsrecht (UGent)

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Volledige samenvatting Staatsrecht Eerste bachelor Rechten UGent Professor Toon Moonen Academiejaar

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  • September 27, 2023
  • 166
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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By: sarahrabaey • 7 months ago

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By: larajonckheere6 • 2 months ago

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STAATSRECHT 2022 -2023

Inhoudsopgave
Deel 1: Krachtlijnen............................................................................................. 7

Inleiding (p.20-21).........................................................................................7

1 De Belgische staat (p.22-30)........................................................................8
Het ontstaan van België.................................................................................................. 8
Belgie als staat................................................................................................................ 9
Gevolgen van kwalificatie als staat...............................................................................10

2 Een democratische rechtsstaat (p.31-39)....................................................10
De scheiding van de machten.......................................................................................10
De rechtsstaat............................................................................................................... 12
Voorwaarden voor de kwalificatie als rechtsstaat.......................................................12
Dynamiek van de kwalificatie als rechtsstaat.............................................................13

3 Een meergelaagde staat in europa (p.40-57)...............................................13
Federaal niveau: de federale staat België.....................................................................14
De consensusdemocratie............................................................................................ 14
De federaliserring....................................................................................................... 15
De Vlaamse en de andere deelstaten............................................................................17
De Europese Unie.......................................................................................................... 18
De Gemeenten en Provincies........................................................................................20
Deel 2: De democratische besluitvorming.........................................................20

4 Grondwettelijke teksten (p.58-75)..............................................................20
Inleiding........................................................................................................................ 21
Grondwet als juridisch instrument..............................................................................21
Grondwet in zijn formele betekenis.........................................................................21
Grondwet in zijn materiële betekenis......................................................................21
Grondwet als expressief instrument...........................................................................22
De Belgische Grondwet................................................................................................. 22
De grondwetgevende bevoegdheden.........................................................................22
Formele grondwet................................................................................................... 23
Materiële grondwet................................................................................................. 23
De grondwetgevende procedure................................................................................24
De formeel grondwet............................................................................................... 24
Fase 1: Verklaring tot herziening van de preconstituante....................................24
Fase 2: Ontbinding Kamers + organiseren parlementaire verkiezingen...............24
Fase 3: Herziening door de constituante..............................................................24

1

, Enkele nuances op die grondwetsherzieningsprocedure......................................25
De materiële grondwet............................................................................................ 26
De constitutieve autonomie van de deelstaten.............................................................26
De constituerende verdragen van de Europese Unie.....................................................27
De verdragen en het Handvest...................................................................................27
De verhouding van de verdragen met de belgische rechtsorde.................................28
Rechtstreekse toepasselijkheid...............................................................................28
Rechtstreekse werking............................................................................................ 28
Lokale niveau................................................................................................................ 28

5 De wetgevende instellingen (p.76-134).......................................................29
Debatteren en organiseren............................................................................................ 29
Zelf beslissen................................................................................................................ 30
Op federaal niveau..................................................................................................... 30
Op deelstatelijk niveau............................................................................................... 31
Op Europees niveau................................................................................................... 31
Op lokaal niveau......................................................................................................... 31
Verkiezen en vertegenwoordigen..................................................................................32
Op federaal niveau..................................................................................................... 33
De Kamers............................................................................................................... 33
De Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers..............................................................33
De Senaat............................................................................................................. 36
Rechtspositie........................................................................................................... 37
Onverenigbaarheden............................................................................................ 37
Immuniteiten........................................................................................................ 37
Op deelstatelijk niveau............................................................................................... 38
Algemene kenmerken............................................................................................. 38
Bijzondere kenmerken............................................................................................. 39
Op Europees niveau................................................................................................... 40
Europees Parlement................................................................................................ 40
Europese Raad........................................................................................................ 41
De Raad................................................................................................................... 41
Op lokaal niveau......................................................................................................... 41
Wetgeven...................................................................................................................... 43
Op federaal niveau..................................................................................................... 43
Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................ 43
Toegewezen bevoegdheden.................................................................................43
Verticale residuaire bevoegdheden......................................................................44
(Wetgevings)procedure........................................................................................... 44
Monocameralisme en bicameralisme...................................................................44
Verloop van de wetgevingsprocedure..................................................................44
Overdracht van wetgevende bevoegdheden........................................................47
Op deelstatelijk niveau............................................................................................... 48
Decreten en ordonnanties.......................................................................................48
De wetgevingsprocedure......................................................................................... 48
Op Europees niveau................................................................................................... 49
De wetgevingshandelingen van de Unie..................................................................49


2

, De wetgevingsprocedure......................................................................................... 49
De bekendmaking en inwerkingtreding...................................................................49
Op lokaal niveau......................................................................................................... 49
Behoorlijk wetgeven...................................................................................................... 50
Algemene principes................................................................................................. 50
Uitwerking van de wet in de tijd..............................................................................50
Interpretatieve wetgeving.......................................................................................50

6 De uitvoerende instellingen (p.135-234).....................................................51
Vertrouwen en controleren............................................................................................ 51
Op federaal niveau..................................................................................................... 51
De Koning en de Regering.......................................................................................51
De Koning............................................................................................................. 51
De Federale Regering........................................................................................... 52
Het vertrouwen in de Regering................................................................................55
De controle op (en het ontslag) van de Regering....................................................56
Algemene controle (permanent)...........................................................................56
Bijzondere conrtole.............................................................................................. 58
Uitzonderlijke controle: het parlementair onderzoek............................................58
Beperkte controle: de lopende zaken...................................................................59
Op deelstatelijk niveau............................................................................................... 59
Algemene kenmerken............................................................................................. 60
De deelstaatregeringen........................................................................................60
Vertrouwen in en controle op de deelstaatregeringen..........................................60
Bijzondere kenmerken............................................................................................. 61
De Vlaamse Regering........................................................................................... 61
De Andere deelstaatregeringen............................................................................62
Op Europees niveau................................................................................................... 63
Samenstelling van de Europese Commissie............................................................63
Rechtspositie van de Europese Commissie..............................................................63
Controle op de Europese Commissie.......................................................................64
Op lokaal niveau......................................................................................................... 64
In de Vlaamse gemeenten.......................................................................................64
Actoren................................................................................................................. 64
Rechtspositie........................................................................................................ 65
Controle................................................................................................................ 66
In de Vlaamse provincies......................................................................................... 66
actoren................................................................................................................. 66
Rechtspositie........................................................................................................ 67
Controle................................................................................................................ 67
Besturen........................................................................................................................ 68
Op federaal niveau (koning + regering).....................................................................68
Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................ 68
Algemene bevoegdheden.....................................................................................69
Bijzondere bevoegdheden....................................................................................70
Procedure................................................................................................................ 75
Algemeen............................................................................................................. 75
Reglementaire besluiten......................................................................................76
Beschikkende besluiten........................................................................................77


3

, Overdracht van bevoegdheden...............................................................................77
Op deelstatelijk niveau............................................................................................... 78
Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................ 78
Algemene bevoegdheden.....................................................................................78
Bijzondere bevoegdheden....................................................................................78
Procedure................................................................................................................ 79
Op Europees niveau................................................................................................... 79
Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................ 80
Algemene bevoegdheden.....................................................................................80
Bijzondere bevoegdheden....................................................................................80
Procedure................................................................................................................ 80
Op lokaal niveau......................................................................................................... 81
Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................ 81
Procedure................................................................................................................ 81
Bestuurlijke rechtshandelingen stellen..........................................................................81
Het bestuur................................................................................................................. 81
Het politieke bestuur............................................................................................... 81
Het niet-politieke bestuur........................................................................................81
Organisatievormen............................................................................................... 82
bevoegdheden (van niet-politieke besturen)........................................................83
aansturing via Ministeriële omzendbrieven..........................................................83
De bestuurlijke rechtshandeling.................................................................................84
Behoorlijk besturen....................................................................................................... 84
Openbaarheid van bestuur............................................................................................84
Taalgebruik door het bestuur........................................................................................85
Uitgangspunten van de bestuurstaalwetgeving..........................................................85
Basisregels van de bestuurstaalwetgeving.................................................................85
lokaal niveau: De diensten van de gemeentelijke besturen....................................86
De Vlaamse gemeenten.......................................................................................86
De Brusselse gemeenten......................................................................................86
deeltstatelijk niveau: De diensten van de deelstatelijke besturen...........................87
De Vlaamse overheid........................................................................................... 87
De Brusselse overheden.......................................................................................87
Federale niveau: De diensten van de federale besturen.........................................87
Toezicht op de naleving van de bestuurstaalwetgeving.............................................88
Deel 3: de bevoegdheidsverdeling....................................................................89

7 Gefedereerde bevoegdheden (p.235-274)...................................................89
De bevoegdheidsverdeling binnen belgië......................................................................89
De bevoegdheidsverdeling tussen de federale entiteiten...........................................89
Grondslagen van de bevoegdheidsverdeling...........................................................89
De autonomie en gelijkheid van de federale entiteiten........................................89
Het exclusiviteitsbeginsel.....................................................................................90
De materiële exclusiviteit..................................................................................90
De territoriale exclusiviteit................................................................................92
De bevoegdheden van de federale overheid...........................................................92
De toegewezen bevoegdheden............................................................................92
De horizontale residuaire bevoegheden...............................................................93


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