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Genetik (Zellkern & Chromosom)

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Notizen aus dem Unterricht im Jahr 2023. Dabei ging es um die Genetik und unter anderem Zellkerne, Chromosomen und dessen Aufbau.

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  • September 27, 2023
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Interview
  • Unknown
  • Unknown
  • Secondary school
  • Gymnasium
  • 3
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Genetik
Einführung und Begriffe
• Eine Art umfasst alle Individuen, die in wesentlichen Merkmalen übereinstimmen und
miteinander fruchtbare Nachkommen hervorbringen.
—> Erhaltung der Art durch Fortpflanzung
• Fortpflanzung = Fähigkeit von Organismen artgleiche Nachkommen hervorzubringen
geschlechtlich: Nachkommen entstehen aus Geschlechtszellen
-> Tiere, Pflanzen, Pilze
ungeschlechtlich: Nachkommen entstehen aus Körperzellen
-> Jungfernzeugung bei Insekten, Ausläuferbildung bei Erdbeerpflanze, Polyp
Ursachen für die Variabilität von Organismen:
• Individuen einer Population haben verschiedene Toleranzbereiche
• Während der Embryonalentwicklung / Individualentwicklung wirken unterschiedliche
abiotische und biotische Umweltfaktoren ein
• Die Organismen haben unterschiedliche Anlagen
• Modifikationen
• Mutationen


Zellkern und Chromosom
Der Zellkern enthält die Erbinformation eines Organismus.
Arbeitskern Teilungskern
& Kernmembran



·
=
sX *xx Kernmembran (löst auf)

j xO
Kernplasma *X
t
sich
X
** x
Kernpore x Chromosomen
·
↳ &O
Chromatin (DNS)

Kernkörperchen

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