,Inhoud
Artikel: De onderzoekende houding.......................................................................................................5
Artikel: Reflecteren.................................................................................................................................5
Artikel: De functie van onderzoek...........................................................................................................6
Deel 1: Ontwerpen.................................................................................................................................7
H1: Waarom doe je onderzoek?.........................................................................................................8
H1.1: Uitganspunten onderzoek.....................................................................................................8
H1.2: Regels voor kwaliteit van Onderzoek.....................................................................................8
H1.3: Onderzoeksfasen.................................................................................................................10
H1.4: Onderzoeksverslag of beroepsproduct................................................................................11
H2: Het onderwerp kiezen................................................................................................................12
H2.1: Een onderwerp vinden........................................................................................................12
H2.2: Opdrachtgevers; balans tussen wens en mogelijkheid........................................................12
H2.3: Ontwikkelde verwachtingen................................................................................................14
H2.4: Groepswerk: De taakverdeling............................................................................................14
H3: De aanleiding van je onderzoek.................................................................................................14
H3.1: Een aanleiding herkennen...................................................................................................14
H3.2: Aanleiding opstellen met de 6W-methode..........................................................................14
H3.3: Informatie verzamelen (tijdens het onderzoek)..................................................................15
H3.4: Het logboek.........................................................................................................................16
H4: Probleemstelling en doelstelling................................................................................................16
H4.1: Vragen stellen: De probleemstelling....................................................................................16
H4.2: Deelvragen: Nuttig of nodig?...............................................................................................18
H4.3: De doelstelling formuleren..................................................................................................18
H5: Begripsafbakening en modelbouw.............................................................................................19
H5.1: Begripsafbakening...............................................................................................................19
H5.2: Modellen en verwachtingen................................................................................................19
H6: Onderzoeksvoorstel....................................................................................................................20
H6.1: Terugkijken op het proces van het onderwerp....................................................................20
H6.2: Uitganspunten van het onderzoeksvoorstel........................................................................20
H6.3: Van probleemstelling naar dataverzameling.......................................................................21
H6.4: Een onderzoeksvoorstel samenstellen................................................................................21
H6.5: Tijdpad................................................................................................................................22
H6.6: Voorbereiding op de rapportage.........................................................................................22
H6.7: onderzoeksvoorstellen beoordelen.....................................................................................22
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,Deel 2: Gegevens verzamelen...............................................................................................................23
H7: Kwantitatieve methoden van dataverzameling..........................................................................23
H7.1: Surveyonderzoek.................................................................................................................23
H7.2: Secundaire analyse..............................................................................................................24
H7.3: Experiment..........................................................................................................................24
H7.4: Monitor...............................................................................................................................26
H7.5: Combinatie van methoden..................................................................................................26
H8: Kwalitatieve methoden van dataverzameling.............................................................................28
H8.1: Observatieonderzoek..........................................................................................................28
H8.2: Interview.............................................................................................................................29
H8.3: Kwalitatief bureauonderzoek...............................................................................................29
H8.4 Casestudy.............................................................................................................................30
H8.5: Keuzestress: De juiste methode..........................................................................................31
H9: Onderzoekskwaliteit...................................................................................................................32
H9.1: Betrouwbaarheid................................................................................................................32
H9.2: Validiteit:.............................................................................................................................32
H9.3: Betrouwbaarheid als voorwaarde voor validiteit................................................................33
H9.4: Bruikbaarheid......................................................................................................................33
H10: Steekproeven trekken..............................................................................................................34
H10.1: Populatie en steekproef....................................................................................................34
H10.2: Aselecte steekproeven......................................................................................................34
H10.3: Selecte steekproeven........................................................................................................35
H11: Operationaliseren.....................................................................................................................36
H11.1: Operationaliseren, wat is dat eigenlijk?.............................................................................36
H11.2: Vragenlijst maken..............................................................................................................36
H11.3: Interviewonderwerpen bepalen........................................................................................38
H12: Het veld in: Enquêtes en interviews afnemen..........................................................................40
H12.1: Praktische overwegingen als je gegevens gaat verzamelen...............................................40
H12.2: Digitale dataverzameling...................................................................................................40
H12.3: Respondenten en enquêtes...............................................................................................41
H12.4: Interviews: Werken aan de relatie.....................................................................................41
Deel 3: Analyseren................................................................................................................................43
H13: Kwantitatieve gegevens verwerken: voorbereiding..................................................................44
H13.1: Voorbereiding van de analyse...........................................................................................44
H13.2: Meetniveaus van variabelen.............................................................................................45
H13.3: De volgende stap in de voorbereiding: hypothesen formuleren.......................................47
2
, H14: Kwantitatieve analyse...............................................................................................................49
H14.1: Beschrijvende analyse systematisch aanpakken................................................................49
H14.2: Percentages en frequentietabellen....................................................................................50
H14.3: Grafieken van één variabele..............................................................................................50
H14.4: Kengetallen........................................................................................................................51
H14.5: Kruistabellen......................................................................................................................53
H14.6: Grafieken van twee variabelen..........................................................................................54
H15: Kwalitatieve analyse.................................................................................................................57
H15.1: Software als hulpmiddel bij kwalitatieve analyse..............................................................57
H15.2: Uitganspunten bij kwalitatieve analyse.............................................................................57
H15.3: Gefundeerde Theoriebenadering/ GT-benadering............................................................58
H15.4: Thematische analyse.........................................................................................................58
H15.5: Hulpmiddelen bij kwalitatieve analyse..............................................................................60
H16: Kwaliteit van onderzoeksresultaten..........................................................................................61
H16.1: Kwaliteit van de kwantitatieve analyses............................................................................61
H16.2: Kwaliteit van kwalitatieve analyses....................................................................................62
Deel 4: Evalueren en adviseren.............................................................................................................65
H17: Conclusies, discussies en aanbevelingen..................................................................................66
H17.1: Conclusies trekken.............................................................................................................66
H17.2: Discussie............................................................................................................................67
H17.3: Onderzoekskwaliteit revisited...........................................................................................68
H17.4: Aanbevelingen en adviezen...............................................................................................70
H18: Een onderzoeksrapport samenstellen......................................................................................72
H18.1: Een onderzoeksrapport samenstellen...............................................................................72
H18.2: Een managementsamenvatting schrijven..........................................................................74
H18.3: Schrijftips...........................................................................................................................74
H19: Bronverwijzingen en literatuurlijst...........................................................................................76
H19.1 Regels voor het vermelden van literatuur..........................................................................76
H19.2 Bronverwijzing in de lopende tekst....................................................................................77
H19.3: Richtlijnen voor de literatuurlijst.......................................................................................77
H20: Presentatie en beoordeling......................................................................................................79
H20.1: Presentatie van je bevindingen.........................................................................................79
H20.2: Beoordelingscriteria voor je onderzoeksrapport...............................................................80
Oefenopgaven/ inzendopgaven............................................................................................................82
Oefenopgaven Deel 3 Analyseren:....................................................................................................82
Oefenopgave Analyseren en waarderen.......................................................................................82
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