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Summary SV beleidsinformatiesystemen deel 2 (DOW23a),
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Samenvatting beleidsinformatiesystemen
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BELEIDSINFORMATIESYSTEMENBart Baesens (DOW23a)
H1: Information systems, strategy and governance
Introduction:
1. Reason of existence:
• All around
• Support of business activities
• Under pressure of digital disruption (ex. drones, self-driving cars = digital disruptors)
➔ Continuous on lookout for new technologies makes old ways impossible
• Technologies and processes are becoming more sophisticated
• IT must join business to think systematically about how to phase in new digital
technologies
➔ COMMUNICATION, alienation!
2. Examples (for business opportunities/ threats)
• Analytics
• Internet of Things
• Drones
• Self-driving cars
• …
3. Need of…
• Business leaders with great IT capabilities in our age of digital, automation and AI
• Siloed business units -> all-encompassing digital organizations
• Everyone needs to be involved with IT an speak the IT language
1.1. What is an IS?
1.1.1. Data/ information/ knowledge
Data (gegevens) = raw observed facts of events like business transactions
Information = processed data useful for decision making process; data are building blocks of
information
Knowledge = ability to perform certain tasks by combining data with own information and experience
Metadata = data about data; tells you more about the already given data (ex. Productnumber)
• (HTML): focus on representation of data
• Extensible Markup Language (XML): focus on content of data
- Tag based language to describe metadata
- Users can define own tags
- You can use the metadata to find certain information of the data -> more
comprehensible to humans and computers
- Easy to share information between companies
, 1.1.2. System
= a set of elements. These elements are related to each other and, possibly, to elements from
universe of discourse (= ecosystem in which a system operates) and are joined for a specific purpose.
Ex: traffic system
- Elements: road infrastructure, vehicles, lanes …
- Relations : distances between cities , speed allowed in relation with a specific place …
- Purposes: optimizing traffic flow, maximizing safety …
Description of system dependant on purpose! (various ways of looking at a system)
1.1.3. Business information systems
= set of related components to collect, search, process, store and distribute information in order to
support the coordination and control of the decision making process within an organization.
(takes data - process the data - do something with it)
1.1.3.1. Business IT alignment:
• Use Business Information Systems (BIS) to realize business objectives.
• Integrate IT into strategy, mission and goals if company
,1.1.3.2. Types of BIS:
1. Operational level (short-term)
- Daily operations and decisions
- Based on structured information
- Immediate results
- “Transaction Processing Systems” (TPS)
2. Management level (mid-term)
- Identify execution plans for group decisions
- Project management
- “Management Information Systems” (MIS)
- “Decision-Support Systems” (DSS)
3. Strategic level (long-term; >5j)
- Group level
- Based on unstructured information
- What if analysis
- “Executive Support Systems” (ESS)
1.1.3.3. Types of systems:
1. Operational Information Systems
- Processes: well structured, unambiguous, routinely
- Decisions: short term, occur frequently, little uncertainties
- Users: clerks, cashiers, sales assistants …
- Required information: easy to determine, independent of individual, well structured and
from within organization
- Example:
“Online Transaction Processing Systems” (OLTP)
-> Point of Sale, Order entry and financial transaction system
“Enterprise Resource Planning” (ERP):
= single information system for organisation-wide coordination and integration of
business processes
-> off-the-shelf modules based on best practises
-> plain vanilla ERP (standardised) vs customisation
, 2. Tactical Information Systems
- Processes: less routinely
- Decisions: midterm, less often, more uncertainties/ risks
- Users: middle management
- Required information: operation level + data warehouse, less easy to determine,
dependant of individual and moment, less well structured, need for external information
increases
- Example:
“Management Information Systems” (MIS)
-> input (transaction records/ data warehouse)
-> processing (routine reporting, low-level analysis)
-> output (summary, exception reports)
“Decision Support Systems” (DSS)
-> input (data – low volume/ data warehouse/ analytical models/ data analysis tools)
-> processing (interactive, simulation)
-> output (special reports, decision analysis, answers to specific queries (what-if))
Ex. Credit scoring (decide to accept credit for a customer or not based on customer
characteristics, loan characteristics, macro-economy) or recommendation
3. Strategic Information Systems
- Processes: unstructured, less ambiguous, occasionally
- Decisions: concerning long term, rather incidental and irregular character, much
uncertainty/ risk
- Users: C-level executives (CEO, CFO, CIO…)
- Required information: very hard to determine, strongly dependant of individual, highly
less structured and occurs particularly in the company’s environment
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