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Thematic study, Statehood and Pan-Arabism
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STATEHOOD&
PAN-ARABISM
REVISION
, Origins
Nationalism – sense of patriotism, heritage, shared history, religion.
Emergence of Arab Nationalism:
1. Pre-WW1: Arabs had no country, all ruled by the Turks within the
Ottoman Empire.
2. They wanted a homeland they could control within the Ottoman Empire.
3. During WW1, Britain suggested the Arabs could have complete
independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Entente power influence (Britain, France, Russia)
Before WW1, Britain had supported the Ottoman Empire – only when the
difficulty of beating them became apparent did an alliance with the Arab people
become extremely attractive.
Hussein McMahon 1915:
Arabs agreed to revolt against the Ottoman Empire
British agreed to give them independence
Ottoman response:
Tortured many Arab nationalist leaders
Published the text of the Sykes-Picot to present the Imperial’s self
interest.
Arab Revolt 1916
Faisal and Abdullah (Hussein’s sons) commanded the Arab tribal armies:
First they used troops to fight in Mecca
Later changed tactics to guerrilla warfare
British benefits in WW1:
The Arabs disrupted the Hejaz railway immobilising 30,000 Turkish
troops
They attacked the telegraph lines: Turks forced to use wireless that the
British could intercept
Results:
1917 - Took control of Palestine
1918 – Faisal liberated Syria
, Syria
Leader: Faisal – British troops allow him to enter
Damascus in 1918
Mandate: 1920 – French mandate (policy of divide and
rule)
Division: Aleppo state & Damascus state
Nationalist Movements:
1925: revolt in the Druze region – movement soon became nationwide
1927: French eventually suppressed rebels
National Bloc:
Syrian political organisation – French continued to undermine their rights to
independence.
INDEPENDENCE: 1944
United Arab Republic (UAE)
1958: Nasser and Syrian President signed a union treaty. This was a step
towards the realisation of the Pan-Arab state.
Nasser’s aims:
- Increased security for Egypt
- Provision of new markets for Egyptians goods and workers.
Nasser appointed his commander in chief as governor general of Syria, which
made the partnership more of an annexation than a union: ended in 1961.
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