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Unit 14 LAD physiological disorders and their care
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LAD: Unit 14Case study 1
Mr. Johnson, a 52-year-old man with a history of obesity and a sedentary
lifestyle, appears with these symptoms. His mother and two siblings have type
2 diabetes, and he has a family history of the disease. Mr. Johnson reported
drinking too much beer and smoking a lot. He complains of feeling worn out,
having more thirst, and urinating constantly. After a thorough medical
examination of Mr. Johnson reveals higher blood glucose levels and a high
HbA1c result in his blood tests. On the basis of his symptoms and laboratory
results, he is identified as having type 2 diabetes. His BMI is in the obese
category, which raises his risk of developing diabetes.
Case study 2
Sarah, a 7-year-old girl, has regular infections, bruises, and chronic
exhaustion, so her parents bring her to the hospital. She appears pale on
assessment, and her lymph nodes are a little swollen. According to Sarah's
parents, she has been showing these symptoms for a while, along with an
identified decline in her general well-being and level of activity. After a
thorough examination that included a bone marrow sample and a complete
blood work, Sarah was identified as having acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
(ALL). Blood tests show leukemic blasts, a drop in the number of red blood
cells, and platelet abnormalities. An aggressive form of leukaemia is indicated
by the presence of abnormal lymphoblasts, which was confirmed by the bone
marrow biopsy.
P5: Cycle of planning.
The planning cycle in healthcare refers to a systematic process that
healthcare organisations follow to develop, implement, and evaluate
their plans and strategies. It typically consists of several key features
that ensure effective planning and decision-making. Firstly, the planning
cycle involves assessing the current healthcare needs and identifying
priorities. This step involves analysing various factors such as population
demographics, health trends, and resource availability to determine the
most pressing healthcare issues. Once the needs are identified, goals
and objectives are set to address these issues.
,Secondly, the planning cycle includes the development and
implementation of strategies and interventions. This stage involves
creating detailed action plans, allocating resources, and assigning
responsibilities to different professionals. The strategies may include
initiatives such as expanding healthcare services, improving quality and
patient safety, enhancing accessibility, or implementing new
technologies.
Furthermore, the planning cycle emphasises the importance of
monitoring and evaluation. This involves tracking the progress of the
implemented plans and assessing their effectiveness. Regular
monitoring allows for timely adjustments and corrections to be made,
ensuring that the goals and objectives are met. Evaluation involves
collecting and analysing data to determine the impact of the
interventions on the healthcare outcomes and identifying areas for
improvement. This feedback loop is crucial for continuous improvement
and the refinement of future planning cycles.
Primary care, as the first point of contact for patients, is delivered by
general practitioners (GPs) or family doctors. They provide
comprehensive healthcare services, including preventive care, health
promotion, diagnosis, and treatment of common illnesses. GPs play a
vital role in managing chronic conditions, coordinating care, and referring
patients to specialised care when needed. They act as gatekeepers to
the healthcare system, ensuring appropriate utilisation of healthcare
resources. The NHS provides extensive information on primary care
services in the UK, which can be found on their official website (NHS
England).
Secondary care refers to specialised medical care provided by
healthcare professionals in hospitals and clinics. This level of care
involves more complex diagnostics, treatment, and management of
specific health conditions. It includes services such as specialist
consultations, surgical procedures, imaging, and laboratory testing.
Secondary care is usually accessed through referrals from primary care
physicians. The NHS Choices website provides comprehensive
, information on various secondary care services available in the UK,
including specialist clinics and hospital care ( NHS Choices,2019).
Tertiary care represents highly specialised and complex medical
interventions provided by specialised centres or hospitals. These
services are typically reserved for patients with rare or complex
conditions that require advanced expertise and technology. Tertiary care
may include specialised surgeries, organ transplants, advanced
diagnostic imaging, and management of rare diseases. In the UK,
tertiary care is often provided by specialised NHS trusts or centres of
excellence, and patients are usually referred by secondary care
providers ( NHS England,2019).
Assessing the health needs of Mr. Johnson based on the provided case
study, it is evident that his primary health concern is the management of
type 2 diabetes. Given his family history, lifestyle choices, and obesity,
he is at an increased risk for developing complications associated with
diabetes. The desired outcomes for Mr. Johnson's treatment plan would
be to achieve optimal blood glucose control, reduce his risk of
complications, improve his overall well-being, and promote a healthier
lifestyle.
Physical Needs:
To address Mr. Johnson's physical needs, the treatment plan should
focus on controlling his blood glucose levels through a combination of
medication and lifestyle modifications. This may involve oral anti-diabetic
medications, insulin therapy, or a combination of both, as determined by
his healthcare provider. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels,
HbA1c, and lipid profile would be essential. Additionally, Mr. Johnson
would benefit from a structured exercise program tailored to his abilities
and preferences to help manage his weight and improve insulin
sensitivity. A balanced diet, with a focus on portion control, low glycemic
index foods, and reduced alcohol consumption, would be crucial to
achieving glycemic control and weight management.
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