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HULPVERLENING EN CULTURELE DIVERSITEITInhoudstafel
Hulpverlening en Culturele Diversiteit ............................................................................................................... 1
Week 1 – hulpverlening & culturele diversiteit .............................................................................................. 9
introductie –casusanalyse (I) ......................................................................................................................... 9
Informatie met betrekking tot het examen ................................................................................................ 9
Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Transculturele geestelijke gezondheidszorg & psychotherapie ................................................................. 10
Casusanalyse Ammar – tweevoudige doelstelling .................................................................................... 11
Transculturele geestelijke gezondheidszorg & psychotherapie: sociale & culturele dimensies van lijden
en herstel ............................................................................................................................................ 13
De rol van culturele & sociale factoren in diagnose & behandeling toeleiding, diagnostische
beeldvorming, zorgrelatie & interventies ............................................................................................. 13
Les 2: .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Kennisclip 1: culturele psychologie: wat is het en waarom hebben we het nodig? ........................................ 16
Deel 1: wat is cultuur? ............................................................................................................................. 16
Deel 2: wat is culturele psychologie dan? ................................................................................................. 18
Het is geen algemene psychologie (Shweder, 1991) ............................................................................. 18
Het is psyche in context (Shweder, 1991) ............................................................................................. 18
Het gaat over ‘mutual constitution’ (wederzijdse constitutie) .............................................................. 19
Deel 3: waarom hebben we culturele psychologie nodig? ........................................................................ 20
Omdat psychologie WEIRD is ............................................................................................................... 20
Omdat… .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Om onze eigen biases te begrijpen ...................................................................................................... 21
Kennisclip 2: culturele verschillen in zelf-concept ........................................................................................ 21
Deel 1: Me, myself and I – culturele verschillen in zelf ............................................................................. 21
Zelf-concept en modellen van zelf? ...................................................................................................... 21
Onafhankelijke context: Ideeën ........................................................................................................... 22
Onafhankelijk model van zelf (Markus* & Kitayama, 1991) .................................................................. 22
Onafhankelijke context: individuen ...................................................................................................... 23
Onafhankelijke context: interacties...................................................................................................... 23
Onafhankelijke context: instituties ...................................................................................................... 24
Interafhankelijke context ..................................................................................................................... 24
Interafhankelijk model van zelf ............................................................................................................ 24
1
, Interafhankelijke context: individuen ................................................................................................... 25
Interafhankelijke context: interacties ................................................................................................... 25
Interafhankelijke context: instituties .................................................................................................... 26
Ask yourself ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Kennisclip 3: culturele verschillen in motivatie en agency (= handelen in de wereld) .................................... 26
Deel I: Voor wie of wat doe je het? Culturele verschillen in motivatie ...................................................... 26
Wanneer blijven doorgaan? ................................................................................................................. 26
Voor jou of voor mij doen? .................................................................................................................. 27
Deel 2: Some action, please! Culturele verschillen in agency .................................................................... 30
Gebrek aan agency? ............................................................................................................................ 30
Verschillende vormen van agency!....................................................................................................... 31
Kiezen of niet?..................................................................................................................................... 33
Ask yourself ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Kennisclip 4: Culturele verschillen in perceptie en cognitie .......................................................................... 34
Deel I: I spy with my little eye – Een andere kijk op de wereld .................................................................. 34
Zelfde wereld, andere perceptie .......................................................................................................... 34
Zelfde wereld, verschillende perceptie................................................................................................. 35
Verschillende perceptie, verschillende vaardigheden ........................................................................... 36
Deel II: Niet zo fundamenteel – De wereld anders begrijpen .................................................................... 37
Zelfde wereld, andere attributie .......................................................................................................... 37
Ask yourself! ....................................................................................................................................... 37
Week 2 les: “universality without uniformity” – hoe gaan we daar best mee om in de praktijk? ................... 37
Leerdoelen .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Deel 1: hoe vatten we de kernboodschap uit traditionele cultuur psychologische studies samen? ............ 38
Ask yourself ......................................................................................................................................... 38
Universality without uniformity! .......................................................................................................... 39
Deel 2: wat is de positie van een individu in de culturele wereld en welke inzichten nemen we daaruit
mee?....................................................................................................................................................... 41
Opdracht ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Implicatie 1: iedereen is multicultureel ................................................................................................ 41
Implicatie 2: intersectionaliteit doet ertoe! .......................................................................................... 42
Implicatie 3: Culturen zijn niet monolitisch .......................................................................................... 43
Implicatie 4: Culturen zijn niet statisch................................................................................................. 43
Implicatie 5: Opgelegde vs. eigen betekenis ......................................................................................... 44
Implicatie 6: verschillen naargelang context......................................................................................... 44
2
, Implicatie 7: Participatie cultuur is niet gelijk aan identiteit .................................................................. 45
Ask yourself ......................................................................................................................................... 45
Allemaal hetzelfde én verschillend ....................................................................................................... 46
Deel 3: wat zijn dan ‘nuttige’ competenties voor de interculturele hulpverlening? ................................... 48
Ask yourself ......................................................................................................................................... 48
Cultureel geïnformeerd ....................................................................................................................... 49
Niet wetende houding ......................................................................................................................... 49
Week 3: Kennisclip 1: hoe we samen cultuur doen: de ‘enculturalisatie’ van kinderen ................................. 50
DEEL 1: Mama Mia! Culturele verschillen in dagelijkse ouderlijke praktijken ............................................ 50
Ouderlijke praktijken ........................................................................................................................... 50
Ouderlijke etnotheorieën .................................................................................................................... 51
DEEL 2: Een kind van je ouders: Hoe ouder-kind interacties mee vorm geven aan de psyche .................... 51
Perceptie en cognitie ........................................................................................................................... 51
Zelf-concept ........................................................................................................................................ 52
Emoties ............................................................................................................................................... 52
DEEL 3: Een kind van de wereld. Hoe instituties en producten mee vorm geven aan de psyche ................ 53
Zelf-concept & emoties ....................................................................................................................... 53
Emoties ............................................................................................................................................... 55
Ook in de volwassen wereld ................................................................................................................ 55
We doen dus allemaal cultuur ............................................................................................................. 56
Week 3: Kennisclip 2: Hoe we samen aan cultuur doen: emoties in interacties ............................................ 57
PART 1: Why study emotions and culture?............................................................................................... 57
PART 2: Do people do emotions differently in social interactions? ........................................................... 58
Kennisclip 3: Cultuur en welzijn: Fysieke gezondheid en het voorbeeld van Traditional Chinese Medicine .... 59
DEEL 1: Algemene versus cultuur-sensitieve benadering van fysiek welzijn .............................................. 59
Algemene geneeskunde....................................................................................................................... 59
Antropologische geneeskunde ............................................................................................................. 60
DEEL 2: Verschillende culturele modellen van fysieke gezondheid............................................................ 60
Biomedisch model van gezondheid ...................................................................................................... 60
Verschillende Westerse modellen ........................................................................................................ 61
Chinees model van gezondheid............................................................................................................ 61
DEEL 3: Botsingen in culturele modellen van fysieke gezondheid ............................................................. 62
Cultural clashes? ................................................................................................................................. 62
Week 3: Kennisclip 4: Cultuur en welzijn: Mentale gezondheid en het voorbeeld van het Kanaka Maoli model
................................................................................................................................................................... 64
3
, DEEL 1: Algemene versus cultuur-sensitieve benadering van mentaal welzijn .......................................... 64
Definities ............................................................................................................................................. 64
DEEL 2: Over normaliteit en andere aandoeningen* - Culturele modellen van geestelijke gezondheid...... 65
Biomedisch model van mentale gezondheid ........................................................................................ 65
Kanaka Maoli model van mentale gezondheid ..................................................................................... 68
Mediteraans model van mentale gezondheid ...................................................................................... 70
Bezit van geesten – Midden-Oosten/Afrika .......................................................................................... 70
DEEL 3: Botsingen in culturele modellen van mentale gezondheid ........................................................... 70
Week 3: les Culturele modellen en cycli van ziekte en gezondheid – inzichten voor de praktijk .................... 71
Wat vooraf ging… .................................................................................................................................... 71
DEEL 1: Welke aspecten van (mentale) ziekte en gezondheid zijn gelijk en/of verschillend over
verschillende culturen heen? ................................................................................................................... 72
Symptoom, syndroom & idioom .......................................................................................................... 73
The symptom pool (vijver van symptomen)...................................................................................... 73
Crazy like US .................................................................................................................................... 74
Introductie van de nieuwe stoornissen ................................................................................................ 74
Marketing van nieuwe labels en remedies ........................................................................................... 75
Opdringen van behandelmethodes ...................................................................................................... 75
Ask yourself! ....................................................................................................................................... 76
DEEL 2: Hoe situeren we (mentale) ziekte en gezondheid in culturele cycli en welke inzichten levert dat
op? ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Culturele cyclus van mentale gezondheid ............................................................................................ 76
Culturele cyclus bij psychologische stoornis ......................................................................................... 76
Voorbeeld depressie in VS ................................................................................................................... 77
Voorbeeld ADHD in West-Europa......................................................................................................... 78
Implicaties........................................................................................................................................... 78
Impliciatie 1: Mentale gezondheid in context (Watters, 2010 en McGruder, 1999) ........................... 78
Implicatie 2: Different ways to “fix it”............................................................................................... 79
Implicatie 3: Cultural clashes & matches .......................................................................................... 79
DEEL 3: hoe deze inzichten inzetten in interculturele hulpverlening? ....................................................... 79
Cultureel geïnformeerd ....................................................................................................................... 79
Niet wetend ........................................................................................................................................ 80
Cultural formulation interview (Week 8!) ............................................................................................. 80
Week 4: Kennisclip 1: Factsheets: Migratie .................................................................................................. 81
Video ...................................................................................................................................................... 81
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