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Summary Articles on creativity for Innovation and entrepreneurship in context (MAN-MIE001-V-1)
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MAN-MIE001-V-1All articles on creativity 2023
,Article 1: Xiaojing Gu, Simone M. Ritter, Lea R.
Delfmann, Ap Dijksterhuis: Stimulating Creativity:
Examining the Effectiveness of Four
Cognitive-based Creativity Training Techniques
Abstract
Creative thinking is needed to thrive in our fast-changing world. It has been shown that
creative thinking skills can be enhanced through training. Whereas previous research has
mainly focused on examining the overall effectiveness of comprehensive creativity training
programs, this study examined the effectiveness of four cognitive-based training techniques
(SCAMPER, random connection, schema violation, and simple ideation), each with the aim
of training specific cognitive processes underlying creativity. The effectiveness of the four
techniques was tested using a pre–posttest between-subjects design. The participants were
assigned to one of the four creativity training conditions or a control condition and practiced
each training technique for approximately 20 min. Before and after training, the participants’
creative performance was measured with divergent thinking (Alternative Uses Task; fluency,
flexibility, originality, creativity, usefulness) and convergent thinking (Remote Associates
Test) tasks. The results showed marginal to significant improvements on several key
indicators of divergent thinking, but none of the techniques led to improvement in convergent
thinking. Specifically, the SCAMPER technique targeting conceptual expansion marginally
improved idea originality, while the random connection technique targeting conceptual
combination and the schema violation technique targeting cognitive flexibility seemed to
facilitate idea fluency and idea flexibility. No improvement was observed for the simple
ideation technique and the control condition.
Introduction
The authors discuss the significance of creativity and the development of training programs
to enhance it. Creativity is defined as the ability to generate original and useful ideas, and it
has a positive impact on personal, professional, and societal levels. Various creativity
training programs have been developed and are generally effective, but it's unclear whether
the combination of techniques or specific techniques alone lead to training effectiveness.
Additionally, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effects of different training techniques
on specific aspects of creativity. This raises questions about which techniques are most
beneficial for generating original ideas and enhancing cognitive flexibility. Overall, the text
highlights the importance of creativity and the need for more specific research on creativity
training techniques.
, Study
The study aimed to address the research gap by investigating the training effects of four
creativity techniques: SCAMPER, random connection, schema violation, and simple
ideation. These techniques have a track record of effectiveness in enhancing creativity and
are rooted in cognitive approaches. Cognitive-based training methods, offering strategies for
creative thinking, have been shown to be more successful. These techniques are believed to
target distinct core cognitive processes involved in creativity, such as semantic association
and flexible thinking. Individual differences in creative performance may be attributed to how
efficiently these cognitive processes are employed. Consequently, different techniques
designed to train these cognitive processes may have varying effects on creativity-task
performance outcomes.
SCAMPER
The SCAMPER technique is a creative problem-solving method that approaches a problem
or product from seven different angles: substitute, combine, adapt, modify, put to another
use, eliminate, and rearrange. It encourages divergent thinking and is used in creative
problem-solving and product design. Limited empirical evidence exists regarding its
effectiveness, but some studies have shown improvements in divergent thinking after
SCAMPER training. It is believed that one key cognitive process trained by SCAMPER is
conceptual expansion, which involves developing new ideas by adapting existing ones. This
technique fosters conceptual expansion through angles like "adapt," "modify," and
"rearrange." Additionally, it may involve the cognitive process of conceptual combination, as
it integrates or associates different parts of existing products to create new ones.
Random connection
The random connection technique is a creative idea generation method that involves three
steps: thinking of a random object, identifying different characteristics of that object, and
applying those characteristics to solve a problem. This technique encourages participants to
make remote associations rather than relying on familiar ones. Research suggests that
training methods involving conceptual combination techniques, like the random connection
technique, are effective in stimulating creative performance. Some studies have shown that
it can increase originality and, to some extent, fluency but might not significantly affect
flexibility. However, there are also studies reporting no positive impact on creativity. The
random connection technique taps into the cognitive process of conceptual combination,
where unrelated concepts are merged to create new ideas. Creative thinking involves
forming new combinations of associative elements, and individuals who excel in this tend to
create broader associations between concepts, leading to more original ideas. Evidence
suggests that the ability to generate novel conceptual combinations not only increases idea
quantity but also enhances idea originality. Recent research has shown a correlation
between performance on conceptual combination tasks and divergent thinking tasks,
highlighting their relevance to creativity.
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