Summary
Summary Chapter 2 Research Methodology
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Detailed summary of Chapter 2: Research Methodology, in Michael Gazzaniga's 'Pscyhological Science' fifth edition.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Summary Notes of the Fundamental Concepts of Cognitive Development
-
Summary Introduction To Psychological Theories
-
Book summary Introduction to Psychological Theories Chapter 3, 8, 10, 12, 14 & 15
13 reviews
By: carolienremijn • 1 year ago
By: alyahdelva • 4 year ago
By: naomivandenhoek • 4 year ago
By: karshiddema • 4 year ago
By: yvonne-snip • 4 year ago
By: herrejok • 5 year ago
By: sophialuise123 • 5 year ago
doesn't follow outline of book to a T, but still helpful
Seller
Followreneeguinee
Reviews received
Content preview
Introduction to psychologyChapter 2: Research Methodology
2.1 How Is the Scientific Method Used in Psychological Research?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the four primary goals of science.
Describe the scientific method.
Differentiate among theories, hypotheses, and research.
Data: measurable outcomes of research studies.
Science Has Four Primary Goals
Description: describing what a phenomenon is.
Prediction: predicting when a phenomenon might occur.
Control: controlling the conditions under which a phenomenon occurs.
Explanation: explaining why a phenomenon occurs.
Critical Thinking Means Questioning and Evaluating Information
Critical thinking is a skill that helps people become educated consumers of information.
Critical thinkers:
Question claims
Evaluate the claims by looking for well-supported evidence
The Scientific Method Aids Critical Thinking
Scientific evidence obtained through research is considered the best possible evidence for
supporting a claim.
Research: a scientific process that involves the careful collection of data.
Scientific method: a systematic and dynamic procedure of observing and measuring
phenomena, used to achieve the four goals and involves interaction among research
theories and hypotheses.
Theory: a model of interconnected ideas or concepts that explains what is observed
and makes predictions about future events. Theories are based on empirical
evidence.
, Hypothesis: a specific, testable prediction, narrower than the theory it is based on.
The scientific method:
1. Form a hypothesis
2. Conduct a literature review
3. Design a study
4. Analyze the data
5. Report the results either supports or fails to support theory --> leads to conclusion
or refinement of theory.
The scientific method is cyclical.
Replication: involves repeating a study and getting the same/similar results (to
confirm the results). If results from two or more studies are the same/support the
same conclusion, confidence in the findings increase.
Good theory produces a wide variety of testable hypotheses
e.g. good: Piaget’s child development led to many hypotheses papers
e.g. bad: Freud’s “The Interpretation of Dreams”: unconscious wishes
untestable
Unexpected Findings Can Be Valuable
Serendipity: in general, unexpectedly finding things that are valuable or agreeable. In
SCIENCE, unexpectedly discovering something important/valuable.
e.g. Wiesel and Hubel in nerve cell activity experiment with cats (Nobel Prize)
Serendipitous discoveries sometimes occur, but only researchers who are prepared
to recognize their importance will benefit from them.
Unexpected findings can suggest new theories these findings must be replicated
and elaborated.
2.2 What Types of Studies Are Used in Psychological Research?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Distinguish between descriptive studies, correlational studies, and experiments.
List the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller reneeguinee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.23. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now