Summary

INKU WO - Scientific Research Methods - Statistics Summary

1 purchase

Course
Wetenschappelijke Onderzoeksmethoden

Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)

Summary of the lectures course WO (wetenschappelijke onderzoeksmethoden) / Scientific Research Methods This summary contains all 5 lectures + a very handy formula sheet with examples Lecture 4 and 5 are mostly important slides from the lecture, this is because the slides are hard to put in te...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 60 pages

View example

Uploaded on October 4, 2023
Number of pages 60
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

research methods
wo
scientific research methods

Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Education
Informatiekunde
Course
Wetenschappelijke Onderzoeksmethoden

$6.65

Add to cart

Save

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Content
Statistics lecture 1..................................................................................................................................1
Standaardafwijking berekenen...........................................................................................................5
Statistics Lecture 2..................................................................................................................................5
Statistics Lecture 3................................................................................................................................12
Statistics College 4 (mostly important pictures from slides).................................................................20
Statistics College 5................................................................................................................................36
Statistics Formulas................................................................................................................................57
Mean of population..........................................................................................................................57
Mean of sample................................................................................................................................57
Z-Score..............................................................................................................................................57
Z-score for sample mean..................................................................................................................58
Standard deviation...........................................................................................................................58
Variance............................................................................................................................................59
Standard error..................................................................................................................................60
ANOVA..............................................................................................................................................60

Statistics lecture 1
Definitions

- Variable
o A variable is a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for
different individuals
- Data
o Data are measurements or observations
- Dataset
o A dataset is a collection of measurements or observations
- Datum
o A datum is a single measurement or observation and is commonly called a score or
raw score
- Discrete variable
o A discrete variable consists of separate, indivisible categories. No values can exist
between two neighboring categories
- Continuous variable
o For a continuous variable, there are an infinite number of possible values that fall
between any two observed values. A continuous variable is divisible into an infinity
number of fractional parts

Population vs. sample

, - Research question: do male UU students sleep more than female UU students?
- Population of interest: all male and female UU students
- Sample 1: group of male and female students in this course
o Population to which results can be generalized: students in this course, if they are
randomly sampled
- Sample 2: group of UU male and female students
o Population to which results can be generalized: UU students, if they are randomly
sampled

Descriptive vs. Inferential statistics

- Organize and simplify (descriptive statistics)
- Interpret the results (inferential statistics)
o There is a difference
o There is no difference

Definitions

- Descriptive statistics: descriptive statistics are statistical procedures used to summarize,
organize and simplify data
- Inferential statistics: inferential statistics consist of techniques that allow us to study samples
and then make generalizations about the population from which they were selected
- Sampling error: sampling error is the naturally occurring discrepancy, or error, that exists
between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter

Variable measurement scales

- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio

Nominal

- A set of categories with different names
- Gender, Majors, etc.

Ordinal

- A set of categories with different names organized in ordered sequence

, - Does not specify how much larger/smaller

Interval

- Ordered categories with in between intervals of the same size
- Like CM’s on a ruler, or temperature
- Does specify how much larger/smaller
- No natural zero value, zero does not mean absence of something

Ratio

- Interval scale with absolute zero point
- Zero value means absence of something
- Like weight

, Measures of Variability

- Range
o Difference between largest and smallest score of distribution
- Variance
o Average of the squared distances (deviations) from the mean
- Standard deviation
o Square root of the variance
o A measure of the standard distance from the mean

Degree of freedom

- Population
o Mean if known
o Deviations are computed from a known mean
- Sample variance as estimate of population
o Population mean is unknown
o Using sample mean restricts variability
- Degrees of freedom
o Number of scores in sample that are independent and free to vary
o Degrees of freedom df = n – 1

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller timb3. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.65. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

66184 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling