Chapter 26: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease questions and answers 100% guaranteed success.

Chapter 26: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease questions and answers 100% guaranteed success. A 35-year-old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is started on hemodialysis. The client is concerned with the diagnosis and wants to know what to expect in the progression of this disorder. Which statement best addresses the client's concern? - correct answers."Acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately." A client has undergone a kidney transplant and voices concerns about organ rejection to the nurse. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be: - correct answers."You will be given medication to decrease the likelihood of your immune system attacking your new kidney." Which individual likely faces the greatest risk for the development of chronic kidney disease? - correct answers.A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor blood sugars or control diet The client with substance use disorder was found unconscious after overdosing on heroin 2 days prior. Because of prolonged pressure on the muscles the client has developed myoglobinuria, causing which complication? - correct answers.Obstruction of the renal tubules with myoglobin and damaged tubular cells An 86-year-old female client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of dehydration and hyponatremia after she curtailed her fluid intake to minimize urinary incontinence. The client's admitting laboratory results are suggestive of prerenal failure. The nurse should be assessing this client for which early sign of prerenal injury? - correct answers.Sharp decrease in urine output The GFR is considered to be the best measure of renal function. What is used to estimate the GFR? - correct answers.Serum creatinine A geriatric nurse is caring for several clients. Which alterations in health should the nurse attribute to age-related physiologic changes? - correct answers.A 78-year-old woman's GFR has been steadily declining over several years. The primary care provider for a newly admitted hospital client has added the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to the blood work scheduled for this morning. The client's GFR results return as 50 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The nurse explains to the client that this result represents: - correct answers.a loss of over half the client's normal kidney function. A client in renal failure has marked decrease in renal blood flow caused by hypovolemia, the result of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse is aware that this form of renal failure can be reversed if the bleeding is under control. Which form of acute renal injury does this client have? - correct answers.Prerenal failure The nurse is caring for a client who has had acute blood loss from ruptured esophageal varices. What does the nurse recognize is an early sign of prerenal failure? - correct answers.Baseline urine output of 50 mL/hr that is now 10 mL/hr A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be managed with peritoneal dialysis. Which description of this type of dialysis is most accurate? - correct answers.Treatment involves the introduction into the peritoneum of a sterile dialyzing solution, which is drained after a specified time. A client has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which drug category is usually administered to treat coexisting conditions that manifest early in CKD? - correct answers.Antihypertensive medications A new client presents with elevated BUN, systemic edema, a BP of 145/93 mm Hg, recurrent infections, and a GFR of 51 mL/min/1.73 m2. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate? - correct answers.Dialysis The nurse is instructing a client with advanced kidney disease (AKD) about a dietary regimen. Which restriction should the nurse be sure to include in the treatment plan to decrease the progress of renal impairment in people with AKD? - correct answers.Dietary protein A client asks, "Why did my provider order a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to my usual blood work?" The nurse's best response is based on the fact that GFR can estimate serum levels of which substance? - correct answers.Creatinine While assessing a peritoneal dialysis client in the home, the nurse notes that the fluid draining from the abdomen is cloudy, is white in color, and contains a strong odor. The nurse suspects this client has developed a serious complication known as: - correct answers.Peritonitis A nurse is assessing a client for early manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which would the nurse expect the client to display? - correct answers.Hypertension A client with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing increasing fatigue, lethargy, and activity intolerance. The care team has established that the client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains at a low, but stable, level. Which laboratory assessments will most likely be prescirbed to help determine the cause of these new symptoms? - correct answers.Blood work for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit The nurse caring for four male clients recognizes which client is at highest risk for developing postrenal kidney failure? - correct answers.Client with prostatic hyperplasia A client has experienced severe hemorrhage and is in prerenal failure. The nurse anticipates the client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine laboratory results will be in which range? - correct answers.The BUN-to-creatinine ratio is 20:1. The nurse recognizes that acute renal injury is characterized by which of the following? - correct answers.Rapid decline in renal function Vitamin D metabolism is deranged in clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse recognizes that which statement regarding vitamin D is correct? - correct answers.Kidneys convert inactive vitamin D to its active form, calcitriol. A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing nausea and vomiting. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to provide? - correct answers.Restrict intake of dietary protein A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has developed asterixis. The nurse knows that asterixis is: - correct answers.Dorsiflexion of hands and feet The nurse is providing dietary instruction for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is on hemodialysis. Which food would the nurse encourage the client to restrict? - correct answers.Lean meats Which assessment findings would the health care provider consider as most indicative of acute renal failure? - correct answers.Increased nitrogenous waste levels; decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) A health care provider for an obese male who has a history of diabetes and hypertension reports that the client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 51 mL/min with elevated serum creatinine levels. Which statement by the health care provider will likely answer the client's question about the result? - correct answers."Your chronic kidney disease has likely been caused by your diabetes and high blood pressure." An 86-year-old client is being treated for dehydration and hyponatremia after curtailing fluid intake to prevent urinary incontinence. Given these findings, the nurse recognizes that this client is likely in what phase of acute kidney injury? - correct answers.Prerenal A client sustained acute tubular injury approximately 2 hours ago. Which cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) would the nurse suspect the client is experiencing? - correct answers.Intrarenal The health care provider is reviewing laboratory results of a client. Select the diagnostic test that is considered the best measurement of overall kidney function. - correct answers.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Which dermatologic problem most often accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD)? - correct answers.Dry skin and pruritus A client with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) is presenting with fever and chest pain, especially when taking a deep breath. The nurse detects a pericardial friction rub on auscultation. Which condition does the nurse suspect is common with this stage of kidney disease? - correct answers.Pericarditis The health care provider has prescribed an aminoglycoside (gentamicin) for a client. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for: - correct answers.Nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis A client with chronic kidney disease has developed cardiac calcification. On admission the priority assessment would be for the nurse to: - correct on a heart monitor to watch for arrhythmias. A 45-year-old client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) voices concern about her dialysis treatment. The client would like to work and spend time with her family. Which type of dialysis will best fit this client's lifestyle? - correct answers.Nocturnal intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD) A 45-year-old female is being treated for ovarian cancer. Her treatment involves the chemotherapy agent cisplatin. The nurse should monitor the client for signs and symptoms of: - correct otoxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN). The nurse assesses a client with renal failure for encephalopathy caused by uremia. Which clinical manifestation will the nurse likely find? - correct answers.Loss of recent memory and inattention. A client has an obstructive urine outflow related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Due to the inability to excrete adequate amounts of urine, which type of renal failure should the nurse closely monitor for? - correct answers.Postrenal failure A 72-year-old client is scheduled for a kidney transplant. The nurse knows that which aspect of advanced age has a positive effect on the success of kidney transplant survival? - correct answers.Reduction in T-lymphocyte function A client diagnosed with CKD has begun to experience periods of epistaxis and has developed bruising of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The nurse recognizes these manifestations as: - correct answers.Impaired platelet function A client with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease received a kidney transplant 2 years ago that was deemed a success. During the most recent follow-up appointment, the nurse should prioritize the client for referral based on which statement? - correct answers."I'm feeling a bit under the weather these days and I'm a bit feverish." Which conditions have the potential to cause chronic kidney disease? Select all that apply. -Hypertension -Cardiomyopathy