BIOLOGY TOPIC 2 - BIOCHEMISTRY (ib full SL) ) (Solved Questions 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
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BIOLOGY TOPIC 2 - BIOCHEMISTRY
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BIOLOGY TOPIC 2 - BIOCHEMISTRY
What are the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living organisms? >>> carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
polarity >>> the hydrogen atoms of water have a slight positive charge and the oxygen atoms negative
hydrogen bonding in water >>> water molecules ...
What are the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living organisms? >>> carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen
polarity >>> the hydrogen atoms of water have a slight positive charge and the oxygen atoms negative
hydrogen bonding in water >>> water molecules can form a bond between the positive of one and the
negative of another molecule
4 water properties >>> transparency, cohesion, solvent properties, thermal properties
transparency >>> light can pass through water
significance of water transparency >>> - light can reach structures in living organisms (ex: chloroplasts,
human eye retina)
- also, reach organisms that live in water
cohesion >>> water molecules stick together with hydrogen bonds
significance of cohesion in water >>> columns of water are transported by
strong pulling forces up to the top of
trees in their transport system
solvent properties >>> many inorganic (Na + ) and organic substances (glucose) can dissolve in water
due to its
polarity
significance of solvent properties in water >>> this allows many substances to be carried dissolved in
water in the blood of animals or in the sap of plants
, heat capacity >>> - water has a large heat capacity
- to raise its temperature large amounts of energy are needed to break the h-bonds
- this heat energy is given out when water cools
significance of heat capacity in water >>> - water temperature tends to remain stable
- this helps water organisms stay alive
- blood can carry heat from the warmer to the cooler parts of the body
boiling and freezing points >>> - to reach the boiling point (100 C) all H-bonds need to break
- as water cools to freezing point ice forms at the surface first (0 C)
significance of boiling and freezing points in water >>> people would die if the water inside of them
boiled & ice insulates bodies of water so organisms can survive in winter
the cooling effect of evaporation >>> water can evaporate at temperatures below the boiling point
significance of the cooling effect of evaporation in water >>> evaporation of water from plant leaves
(transpiration) and from the human skin (sweat) has useful cooling effects
WATER IN A 3 MAIN POINTS >>> 1. water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them
2. hydrogen bonding and polarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of
water
3. substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Hydrophilic molecules
can dissolve in water, hydrophobic can't
organic compound >>> a compound containing carbon found in living organisms
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