Summary
Samenvatting Theorieën en personen in JEC
- Course
- Institution
De belangrijke theorieën en personen binnen JEC op een rij met beschrijving en kenmerken.
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By: jolijnlucassen47 • 10 months ago
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Ethiek: verschillende theorieën en personenEthiek: verschillende theorieën en personen.........................................................................................1
Verschillende vormen van ethiek.......................................................................................................3
Morele oordelen.................................................................................................................................3
Teleologische ethiek...............................................................................................................................4
Deugdethiek.......................................................................................................................................4
Gevolgenethiek/Consequentialisme/Principe ethiek.........................................................................4
Deontologische ethiek............................................................................................................................4
Alle mensen op een rijtje........................................................................................................................6
Hannah Arendt...................................................................................................................................6
Jean Jacques Rousseau.......................................................................................................................6
Karl Marx............................................................................................................................................6
Erich Fromm.......................................................................................................................................6
Thomas Hobbes..................................................................................................................................7
John Locke..........................................................................................................................................7
John Rawls..........................................................................................................................................7
Epicurus..............................................................................................................................................7
Seneca................................................................................................................................................8
Michel Foucault..................................................................................................................................8
Aristoteles..........................................................................................................................................8
Jeremy Bentham.................................................................................................................................8
John Stuart Mill...................................................................................................................................9
Immanuel Kant...................................................................................................................................9
David Hume........................................................................................................................................9
Isaiah Berlin........................................................................................................................................9
Martha Nussbaum..............................................................................................................................9
Carol Gilligan.....................................................................................................................................10
Edmund Husserl................................................................................................................................10
Martin Heidegger..............................................................................................................................10
Kierkegaard.......................................................................................................................................10
Karl Jaspers.......................................................................................................................................11
Jean Paul Sartre................................................................................................................................11
Beauvoir...........................................................................................................................................11
Emmanuel Levinas............................................................................................................................11
Baart.................................................................................................................................................12
,Steyaert............................................................................................................................................12
Comte...............................................................................................................................................12
Karl Popper.......................................................................................................................................12
Thomas Kuhn....................................................................................................................................12
Latour...............................................................................................................................................12
Deheue.............................................................................................................................................13
Zizek..................................................................................................................................................13
Heijne...............................................................................................................................................13
Cesare Beccaria................................................................................................................................13
Ethische theorieën............................................................................................................................14
Teleologische theorieën...............................................................................................................14
Deugdethiek.............................................................................................................................14
Existentiefilosofie.............................................................................................................................16
Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre, Beauvoir, Camus...........................................................16
Fenomenologie.................................................................................................................................16
, Verschillende vormen van ethiek
- Descriptieve ethiek:
Beschrijving moraal
Historische/maatschappelijke context
Objectiverend
- Meta-ethiek
Reflectie op ethiek
Concepten, aannames..
- Toegepaste ethiek
Voor bepaald veld (bijv. medisch)
- Normatieve ethiek
Wat is juist?
Rechtvaardiging waarden/normen
Ethische theorieën
Prescriptief (voorschrijvend)
Morele oordelen
1. Relativisme: verschillen centraal
- Individueel moreel relativisme
Waarheidswaarde moreel oordeel kan verschillen per individu
Voordeel: respecteert individuele meningen
- Cultureel moreel relativisme
Waarheidswaarde moreel oordeel berust op culturele overtuiging
Voordeel: respecteert culturele verschillen
Probleem: geeft ruimte aan morele onverschilligheid (we moeten slaan van kinderen
accepteren?)
Zelfs waarde ‘tolerantie’ is niet algemeen aanvaardbaar
2. Universalisme: gaat uit van algemeen geldende waarden
- Moreel absolutisme: waarheidswaarde moreel oordeel extern gegeven
a. Bijvoorbeeld wereldreligies: ‘1 religie is juist’
- Moreel objectivisme: waarheidswaarde moreel op basis van redelijkheid modern subject
- Voordeel: maakt algemeen geldende morele oordelen mogelijk
Probleem: er is geen algemene acceptatie van een universele bron moraal. Kritiek op
eenheidsdenken: sluit wat verschillend is uit en maakt andere (niet gangbare) opinies
onzichtbaar
3. Pluralisme: erkenning van verschil
- Gedeelde waarden (onder)zoeken: tolerantie/bescherming individu
- Biedt systematiek
- Filosofie om normatieve kaders en dominante discours kritisch te doordenken
a. We maken wel altijd deel uit van de discours
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