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Samenvatting planningssytemen
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Samenvatting planningssystemen, prof Tom Coppens en Guy Vloebergh
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PlanningssytemenINTERNATIONALE PLANNINGSSYSTEMEN ............................................................................................................................1
1. RUIMTELIJKE PLANNING: EEN INLEIDING .......................................................................................................................1
1.1. WAT IS RUIMTELIJKE PLANNING? ........................................................................................................................1
1.2. VERWANTE TERMEN AAN RUIMTELIJKE PLANNING ..................................................................................................1
1.3. RUIMTELIJKE PLANNING BINNEN DE ONTWERPWETENSCHAPPEN ................................................................................1
1.4. ARGUMENTEN VOOR PLANNING .........................................................................................................................2
1.4.1. Undersuppply van poublieke en gemeenschappelijke goederen .................................................................................4
1.4.2. Externaliteiten op de grondmarkt ................................................................................................................................5
1.4.3. Distributieve problemen ...............................................................................................................................................5
1.4.4. Hoge transactiekosten ..................................................................................................................................................5
1.5. ARGUMENTEN TEGEN PLANNING ........................................................................................................................5
1.5.1. Kritiek op planning: de neoliberale kritiek ....................................................................................................................6
1.5.2. Kritiek op planning: de neomarxistische kritiek............................................................................................................6
1.5.3. Kritiek binnen planning.................................................................................................................................................6
2. PLANNINGSSYSTEMEN ..............................................................................................................................................7
2.1. COMPONENTEN VAN HET PLANNINGSSYSTEEM .......................................................................................................7
2.1.1. Plannen .........................................................................................................................................................................7
2.1.2. Vergunnen ..................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.3. Handhaven..................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.4. Monitoring ..................................................................................................................................................................11
2.2. DIVERSITEIT IN PLANNINGSSYSTEMEN ................................................................................................................11
2.2.1. Impact van sectorale wetgeving op planningssystemen ............................................................................................12
2.2.2. Juridisch kader ............................................................................................................................................................12
2.2.3. Verhouding nationaal-lokaal.......................................................................................................................................12
2.3. SAMENVATTING: TRADITIES VAN RUIMTELIJKE PLANNING ........................................................................................13
3. PLANNING IN WALLONIË ........................................................................................................................................13
3.1. CONTEXT ....................................................................................................................................................13
3.1.1. Staatstructuur .............................................................................................................................................................13
3.1.2. Ruimtelijke structuur Wallonië ...................................................................................................................................14
3.1.3. Sociaal model & de ontwikkeling van de Waalse regio ..............................................................................................15
3.2. PLANNING IN WALLONIË IN DE 20STE EEUW .......................................................................................................16
3.2.1. De wet van 1962 .........................................................................................................................................................16
3.2.2. Ruimtelijk beleid vanaf 1980 ......................................................................................................................................16
3.2.3. Meest recente wijziging, de CoDT (2017) ...................................................................................................................17
3.3. HET PLANNINGSSYSTEEM ................................................................................................................................18
3.3.1. Plan-making: wie maakt welke plannen, de situatie voor de CoDT ............................................................................18
3.3.2. Een eerste ruimtelijke visie op de regio ......................................................................................................................18
3.3.3. Ruimtelijke plannen op gemeentelijk niveau .............................................................................................................21
, 3.3.4. Plan-making: wie maakt welke plannen, de situatie na de CoDT ...............................................................................21
3.3.5. Verordeningen ............................................................................................................................................................22
3.3.6. Stedenbouwkundige vergunningen & afwijkingen t.o.v. het planningsinstrumentarium ..........................................22
4. PLANNING IN BRUSSEL ...........................................................................................................................................23
4.1. CONTEXT ....................................................................................................................................................23
4.1.1. Staatstructuur .............................................................................................................................................................23
4.1.2. Postindustriële stad ....................................................................................................................................................23
4.1.3. Sociaal model & de ontwikkeling van het Brussel Hoofdstedelijk gewest ..................................................................24
4.2. PLANNING IN BRUSSEL IN DE 20STE EEUW ..........................................................................................................25
4.2.1. Planningsinstrumenten in Brussel ..............................................................................................................................25
4.3. HET PLANNINGSSYSTEEM ................................................................................................................................25
4.3.1. Gewop: gewestelijk ontwikkelingsplan 1996 ..............................................................................................................25
4.3.2. Gewop 2002 ...............................................................................................................................................................26
4.3.3. Plan internationale ontwikkeling 2007 .......................................................................................................................26
4.3.4. GPDO ..........................................................................................................................................................................27
4.3.5. Gemeentelijke ontwikkelingsplannen.........................................................................................................................27
4.3.6. Gewestelijke bestemmingsplannen ............................................................................................................................27
4.3.7. Bijzonder bestemmingsplan .......................................................................................................................................28
5. PLANNING IN NEDERLAND ......................................................................................................................................28
5.1. DE CONTEXT VAN NEDERLAND .........................................................................................................................28
5.2. HISTORIEK ...................................................................................................................................................28
5.2.1. Jaren 50 ......................................................................................................................................................................29
5.2.2. Nota Westen des lands,1957 ......................................................................................................................................29
5.2.3. Eerste nota Ruimtelijke Ordening, 1960 .....................................................................................................................29
5.2.4. Tweede nota, 1966 .....................................................................................................................................................29
5.2.5. Jaren 70 ......................................................................................................................................................................30
5.2.6. Derde nota Ruimtelijke Ordening, 1976 .....................................................................................................................30
5.2.7. Jaren 80 ......................................................................................................................................................................30
5.2.8. Vierde nota, 1988 .......................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.9. 2000 – 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................32
5.2.10. Nota ruimte 2006 .......................................................................................................................................................33
5.3. HET NEDERLANDSE PLANNINGSSYSTEEM.............................................................................................................33
5.3.1. Instrumenten WRO 2008 ............................................................................................................................................33
5.3.2. Structuurvisie Ruimte en Infrastructuur 2012 ............................................................................................................33
6. H6: PLANNING IN HET VERENIGD KONINKRIJK.............................................................................................................35
6.1. CONTEXT VAN HET VERENIGD KONINKRIJK ..........................................................................................................35
6.1.1. Sociaal model .............................................................................................................................................................35
6.1.2. Staatsstructuur ...........................................................................................................................................................35
6.2. PLANNING IN HET VERENIGD KONINKRIJK IN DE 20STE EEUW .................................................................................36
6.2.1. Van gezondheidsbeleid naar town planning (1900 - 1920) ........................................................................................36
, 6.2.2. Protectionistisch beleid en regionale planning (1920 – 1940) ...................................................................................36
6.2.3. De naoorlogse periode (1945 – 1970) ........................................................................................................................36
6.2.4. De jaren 1980: Thatcherism en neoliberaal beleid .....................................................................................................37
6.2.5. De jaren 1990: Third way & revival van planning .......................................................................................................37
6.2.6. Vanaf 2000: Localism ..................................................................................................................................................37
6.3. HET PLANNINGSSYSTEEM ................................................................................................................................37
6.3.1. Verschillende actoren .................................................................................................................................................37
6.4. PLAN-MAKING: WIE MAAKT WELKE PLANNEN ......................................................................................................38
6.4.1. National Planning Policy Frameworks.........................................................................................................................38
6.4.2. Local plans ..................................................................................................................................................................38
6.4.3. Neighborhood Plans ...................................................................................................................................................38
6.4.4. Contributions and community benefits ......................................................................................................................38
6.4.5. Permitted development rights ....................................................................................................................................38
6.5. VERGUNNINGSPROCEDURE ..............................................................................................................................39
6.5.1. Mogelijkheden om beroep aan te tekenen ................................................................................................................39
7. BIJZONDERE PLANNINGSINSTRUMENTEN ......................................................................................................................40
7.1. VERORDENENDE INSTRUMENTEN ......................................................................................................................40
7.1.1. Urban growth boundaries (UGB) ................................................................................................................................40
7.1.2. Growth controls/growth management.......................................................................................................................41
7.1.3. Land readjustment .....................................................................................................................................................42
7.2. INCENTIVE GEBASEERDE INSTRUMENTEN .............................................................................................................43
7.2.1. Transferable development rights ................................................................................................................................43
7.2.2. Special economic zones ..............................................................................................................................................44
7.2.3. Taks increment zones .................................................................................................................................................44
7.3. FINANCIELE INSTRUMENTEN ............................................................................................................................45
7.3.1. Fiscale instrumenten ..................................................................................................................................................45
7.3.2. Land value capturing ..................................................................................................................................................45
VLAAMSE PLANNINGSSYSTEEM ......................................................................................................................................47
1. INLEIDING WET 62 EN DECREET 99 ...........................................................................................................................47
1.1.1. Ruimtelijke planning als beleidsveld ...........................................................................................................................47
1.1. BEGRIPSOMSCHRIJVING ..................................................................................................................................49
1.2. OVERZICHT WETGEVENDE INITIATIEVEN ..............................................................................................................49
1.2.1. Voor 1962 (artikel Peter Jannsens) .............................................................................................................................49
1.2.2. Wet van 29 maart 1962 (Stedenbouwwet) ................................................................................................................49
1.2.3. Wet van 22 december 1970 .......................................................................................................................................49
1.2.4. KB van 28 december 1972 ..........................................................................................................................................50
1.2.5. Staatshervorming van 1980 ........................................................................................................................................50
1.2.6. Minidecreet van 28 juni 1984 en bijhorende reparatiedecreten................................................................................50
1.2.7. Decreet van 23 juni 1994 ............................................................................................................................................50
1.3. “OUDE” REGULIERE PLANFIGUREN ....................................................................................................................50
, 1.3.1. Nationaal plan ............................................................................................................................................................51
1.3.2. Streekplan...................................................................................................................................................................51
1.3.3. Gewestplan .................................................................................................................................................................51
1.3.4. Algemeen plan van aanleg (APA) ................................................................................................................................54
1.3.5. Bijzonder plan van aanleg (BPA) .................................................................................................................................55
1.4. VAN OUDE NAAR NIEUWE REGULIERE PLANFIGUREN ..............................................................................................57
1.4.1. Inspiratiebronnen verruimde B.P.A.’s: continuïteit+ vernieuwing ..............................................................................57
1.5. BEDENKINGEN BIJ HET GEWESTPLAN, APA EN BPA...............................................................................................59
1.6. VERVOLG WETGEVENDE INITIATIEVEN.................................................................................................................59
1.6.1. Planningsdecreet van 24 juli 1996 ..............................................................................................................................59
1.6.2. Decreet van 8 mei 1999 ..............................................................................................................................................60
1.6.3. DRO op 14 jaar tijd meer dan 30 maal gewijzigd ........................................................................................................60
1.6.4. BVR van 15 mei 2009 VLAAMSE CODEX RUIMTELIJKE ORDENING .............................................................................61
2. VAN OUDE NAAR NIEUWE PLANFIGUREN ....................................................................................................................62
2.1. RUIMTELIJK STRUCTUURPLAN ..........................................................................................................................63
2.1.1. Ontstaan .....................................................................................................................................................................63
2.1.2. Algemene principes over de huidige structuurplannen .............................................................................................65
2.1.3. Ruimtelijk Structuurplan Vlaanderen .........................................................................................................................66
2.1.4. Provinciale Ruimtelijke Structuurplannen ..................................................................................................................67
2.1.5. Het gemeentelijk Ruimtelijk Structuurplan ................................................................................................................68
2.1.6. Uitvoering van het Ruimtelijk Structuurplan Vlaanderen ...........................................................................................69
2.1.7. Provinciaal niveau .......................................................................................................................................................71
2.2. RUIMTELIJKE UITVOERINGSPLANNEN ..................................................................................................................72
2.3. STEDENBOUWKUNDIGE VERORDENING ...............................................................................................................73
2.4. VERKAVELEN ................................................................................................................................................74
2.4.1. Decretaal kader ..........................................................................................................................................................74
2.4.2. Beoordelingsgronden .................................................................................................................................................74
2.4.3. Afwijkingsmogelijkheden............................................................................................................................................74
2.4.4. Zaak der wegen ..........................................................................................................................................................75
2.4.5. Verkavelingsvergunning als stedenbouwkundige vergunning ....................................................................................75
2.4.6. Andere weigeringsgronden ........................................................................................................................................75
3. NIEUWE PLANFIGUREN EN VERGUNNINGEN .................................................................................................................75
3.1. WAARVOOR IS EEN STEDENBOUWKUNDIGE VERGUNNING NODIG?............................................................................75
3.1.1. Vergunningsplicht .......................................................................................................................................................76
3.1.2. Meldingsplicht ............................................................................................................................................................77
3.1.3. Aanpak ........................................................................................................................................................................77
3.2. VLAAMSE CODEX RUIMTELIJKE ORDENING .........................................................................................................79
4. REGULIERE PLANFIGUREN........................................................................................................................................80
4.1. HET GEWESTPLAN .........................................................................................................................................80
4.1.1. Het richtplan ...............................................................................................................................................................80
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