Summary
Immunologie 1 samenvatting
- Course
- Institution
Dit is een samenvatting van het vak immunologie 1
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
iemand123
Reviews received
Content preview
IMMUNOLOGIE SAMENVATTING1: inleiding tot de hematologie ......................................................................................... 5
1.1 Functies van bloed............................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Samenstelling van het bloed ................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Bloedcellen ......................................................................................................................... 6
Rode bloedcellen = erytrocyten ..................................................................................................................... 6
Witte bloedcellen = leukocyten ...................................................................................................................... 6
Bloedplaatjes = trombocyten ......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 bloedplasma ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Verdeling van de bloedcellen in het bloed ....................................................................... 7
3 Bloedafname en soorten bloedstalen ..................................................................................... 7
H2: De verschillende BLOEDCELLEN ................................................................................... 9
1. Witte bloedcellen of leukocyten ............................................................................................ 9
1.1. Neutrofielen ........................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.1 Morfologie van neutrofielen ..................................................................................................... 11
1.1.2 Functie van neutrofielen ........................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Eosinofielen ............................................................................................................................................. 13
1.2.1 Morfologie van eosinofielen ..................................................................................................... 13
1.2.2 Functie van eosinofielen ................................................................................................................. 13
1.3 Basofielen ................................................................................................................................................ 14
1.3.1 Morfologie van basofielen ........................................................................................................ 14
1.3.2 Functie van basofielen .................................................................................................................... 14
1.4 Monocyten .............................................................................................................................................. 15
1.4.1 Morfologie van monocyten ....................................................................................................... 15
1.4.2 Functie van monocyten ................................................................................................................... 15
1.5 Lymfocyten .............................................................................................................................................. 15
1.5.1 Morfologie van lymfocyten ....................................................................................................... 16
1.5.2 Functie van lymfocyte ..................................................................................................................... 17
1.6 Analyses op witte bloedcellen .......................................................................................................... 17
2. Rode bloedcellen of erytrocyten .......................................................................................... 17
2.1 Morfologie .............................................................................................................................................. 17
2.2 Bloedgroepsystemen.............................................................................................................................. 19
2.2.1 Het ABO systeem....................................................................................................................... 20
2.2.1.1 De antigenen en antilichamen van het ABO systeem ........................................................... 20
2.2.1.2 Genetische basis van het ABO systeem ................................................................................ 22
2.2.2 Het Rhesussysteem ................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.2.1 De rhesus antigenen ( vanaf hier samen met notities: NEEN) .................................................. 24
2.2.2.2 Genetische basis van het rhesussyteem: De Fisher - Race theorie ....................................... 25
2.2.3 Belang van bloedgroepbepalingen ............................................................................................ 26
2.3 Functie van de rode bloedcellen ............................................................................................................ 27
Transport van zuurstof .............................................................................................................................. 27
Transport van koolstofdioxide ...................................................................................................................... 27
2.3.1 Hemoglobine ............................................................................................................................. 28
Immunologie 1 1
, 2.4 Analyses op rode bloedcellen ................................................................................................................. 29
3. Bloedplaatjes of Trombocyten .......................................................................................... 30
3.1 Morfologie .............................................................................................................................................. 30
3.2 Functie van de trombocyten ............................................................................................................. 31
3.2.1 Mechanisme van de primaire hemostase ................................................................................. 33
3.2.2 Secundaire Hemostase .............................................................................................................. 34
3.3 Analyses op trombocyten....................................................................................................................... 36
HOOFDSTUK III : Inleiding tot het immuunsysteem .......................................................... 37
1. Het niet-specifieke of aangeboren immuunsysteem ............................................................ 38
2. Het verworven, adaptieve of specifieke immuunsysteem vc ................................................ 42
2.1 De start van het specifiek immuunsysteem ........................................................................................... 42
2.2 De humorale immuunrespons................................................................................................................ 43
2.3 De cellulaire immuunrespons ................................................................................................................ 44
2.4 Kenmerken van de specifieke immuunrespons ................................................................................ 45
3. Een immuunrespons met niet-specifieke en specifieke componenten ................................ 45
HOOFDSTUK IV : Antigenen en hun immunogeniciteit ..................................................... 48
Factoren die de immunogeniciteit van een antigeen beïnvloeden ............................................ 48
Factoren die de immunogeniciteit van antigeen beïnvloeden ..................................................................... 49
Chemische natuur ..................................................................................................................................... 49
2. Molecuulmassa .................................................................................................................................... 50
3. Moleculaire diversiteit ......................................................................................................................... 50
4. Ruimtelijke structuur ............................................................................................................................ 50
5. Toegediende dosis................................................................................................................................ 50
6. Manier van binnendringen of toedienen in het lichaam ...................................................................... 51
11 Immuuntolerantie .............................................................................................................. 51
12 Antigeendeterminanten of epitopen ................................................................................... 52
HOOFDSTUK V : Immunoglobulinen of antilichamen ........................................................ 54
De structuur van een antilichaam ............................................................................................ 54
Variabele en constante gedeelten ................................................................................................................ 55
Hinge region .................................................................................................................................................. 56
Moleculaire basis van de antigeen-antilichaam interactie ........................................................ 57
Affiniteit en aviditeit van de antilichaam-antigeeninteractie .................................................... 60
affiniteit ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
adiviteit ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Kruisreactie: ALTIJD OP EXAMEN! ............................................................................................ 61
DEZELFDE EPITOPEN ZIJN AANWEZIG OP VERSCHILLENDE ANTIGENEN. ..................................................... 61
vERWANTE EPITOPEN ZIJN AANWEZIG OP VERSCHILLENDE ANTIGENEN .................................................... 62
Verschillende klassen immunoglobulines................................................................................. 62
Structurele verschillen tussen de verschillende klassen immunoglobulines ................................................ 63
.2 Functionele verschillen tussen de verschillende klassen immunoglobulines. .......................................... 65
Isotype, allotype en idiotype van een antilichaam.................................................................... 69
Isotypen diversiteit ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Immunologie 1 2
, Allotype diversiteit ........................................................................................................................................ 69
18.3 Idiotype diversiteit ................................................................................................................................ 70
19 onoklonale en polyklonale antilichamen........................................................................ 70
HOOFDSTUK VI: Immunologische laboratoriumtoepassingen: aantonen van de interactie
tussen antigeen en antilichaam. ..................................................................................... 71
20 Agglutinatietechnieken ............................................................................................................................ 72
20.1 Hemagglpriutinatie ............................................................................................................................... 72
20.1.1 ABO en Rhesus bloedgroepbepaling .............................................................................................. 72
20.1.2 Complete en incomplete antilichamen .......................................................................................... 73
20.1.3 Coombs testen ............................................................................................................................... 74
20.2 Latexagglutinatie ................................................................................................................................... 75
20.3 Bacteriële agglutinatie .......................................................................................................................... 76
Precipitatiereactie................................................................................................................... 77
21.1 De Heidelberger-precipitatiecurve........................................................................................................ 77
21.2 Neerslagtechnieken in de vloeibare fase .............................................................................................. 78
21.3 Neerslagtechnieken in de vaste fase..................................................................................................... 79
21.3.1 Eenzijdige radiale immunodiffusie (RID) volgens Mancini ........................................................ 79
21.3.2 Radiale tweezijdige immunodiffusie volgens Ouchterlony ............................................................ 79
21.3.3 Immuno-elektroforese ................................................................................................................... 80
21.3.4 Raketelektroforese ......................................................................................................................... 81
21.3.5 Elektro-immunodiffusie met omgekeerde elektroforese .................................................................. 82
Testen gebaseerd op de biologische activiteit van de antilichaam-antigeen interactie .............. 82
22.1 Complementfixatietest ......................................................................................................................... 82
22.2 Virusneutralisatietest ............................................................................................................................ 84
22.3 Haemagglutinatie-inhibitietest ............................................................................................................. 84
Aantonen van de aanwezigheid van antigenen in serum of andere vloeibare fasen, met behulp
van gemerkte antilichamen. .................................................................................................... 86
23.1 Algemeen principe: ............................................................................................................................... 86
23.2 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay of ELISA ................................................................................ 87
23.3 Kwantitatieve ELISA........................................................................................................................... 89
23.3.1 Capture (of sandwich) ELISA .......................................................................................................... 89
23.3.2 Competitieve inhibitie assay .......................................................................................................... 90
23.4 Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT) .......................................................................... 91
23.5 Radio-immunoassay of RIA ................................................................................................................... 93
23.6 Immunofluorescentie ............................................................................................................................ 97
23.7 Chemiluminescente labels .................................................................................................................... 98
Aantonen van de aanwezigheid van antigenen op cellen met behulp van gemerkte antilichamen
............................................................................................................................................. 100
24.1 Cellulaire ELISA of FIA.......................................................................................................................... 100
Flow cytometrie .......................................................................................................................................... 102
Algemeen principe .................................................................................................................................. 103
24.2.2 Meten van lichtverstrooiing - principe ......................................................................................... 103
24.2.3 Differentiatie en tellen van bloedcellen adhv lichtverstrooiing ................................................... 105
24.2.3.1 Tellen van erytrocyten .......................................................................................................... 105
24.2.3.2 Tellen en differentiëren van leukocyten ............................................................................... 106
24.2.4 Meten van fluorescentie .............................................................................................................. 107
24.2.4.1 Principe ................................................................................................................................. 107
Immunologie 1 3
, 24.2.4.2 Aantonen van antigenen op cellen ....................................................................................... 108
24.2.4.3 Aantonen van verschillende antigenen tegelijk .................................................................... 108
Aantonen van antigenen in weefsels met behulp van gemerkte antilichamen:
immunohistochemische kleuringen ....................................................................................... 112
25.1 Directe methode ................................................................................................................................. 113
25.2 Tweestaps indirecte methode ............................................................................................................ 114
Driestaps indirecte methode ...................................................................................................................... 114
25.4 Oplosbaar enzyme-immunocomplexmethode ................................................................................... 115
25.5 (strept)avidine-biotine methodes ....................................................................................................... 117
Immunologie 1 4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller iemand123. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.92. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73918 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now