Exam (elaborations)
Possible Long Questions Psychology 243
- Course
- Institution
Psychology 243: Possible Long Questions - Answers for the Exam (for Chapters 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11 and 13)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
roxanne_31
Reviews received
Content preview
Research Design in Psychology (243)Chapter 1
What the scientific method assumes (16 marks):
Assumption Explanation
Presumes order + regularity in natural and
social events. Independent of observer +
1. Existence of natural + social laws
describe way phenomena interact/social
events occur.
Although humans part of nature + subject to
laws, can still discover these laws.
2. Laws can be discovered by human Observations certain regularities – indicate
beings natural events proceed according to our
expectations based on our understanding of
those events.
Scientific understandings based on
3. Natural phenomena have natural parsimony of ideas – explanations for
causes phenomena based on as few assumptions
possible.
Invention new instruments of investigation
4. New knowledge is accumulated + new approaches to studying problem –
gradually + sequentially advances. New understandings demonstrate
limitations of previous knowledge.
Observations made basis of senses
constitute evidence – sophisticated
5. Knowledge + truth are founded on instruments developed to observe + measure
evidence social phenomena when observations may
be inaccurate. Scientific claim made – need
evidence, if not, merely hypothesis.
6. Scientific statements must be
Common-sense statements result of non-
distinguished from common-sense
scientific observations (no take into
statements
1
, consideration variables at stake). Lack
systematic investigation.
Result of observation is independent of
single observer. Corresponds to description
7. Scientific observation is objective made by anyone examining same
phenomenon. More accurate description is,
greater objectivity of observation.
Possibilities considered one at time in
logical order.
Example: buy new car – think all cars road
8. Scientific observation is systematic
are same as yours (been queued to look for
this car) > scientific observation NOT work
in this random way.
Characteristics of scientific research (10 marks):
Each step based on observation (aim know
1. Empirical + understand reality). Reality exists outside
observer.
Certain logical order must follow > only be
2. Systematic + logical done once description given + explanation
of observed phenomenon found.
Anyone placed in exact same circumstances
can observe same event + by reasoning
3. Replicable + transmittable arrive at same explanation + prediction. Can
also transmit knowledge in form of
report/journal article.
All details not essential omitted BUT
4. Reductive reductionism must be done great care – can
lead significant bias.
Scientific claim must be stated in such way
can be demonstrated to be false. Claim must
5. Falsifiable
be testable. Making a prediction – should
not only tell us what should happen but also
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller roxanne_31. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.03. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50064 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now