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OCR A-Level Biology Nucleic Acids Summary
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Handwritten Summary of all the A* content needed for Nucleic Acids Biology OCR A-Level.
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DNA :Deoxyribonucleic acid
Nucleotide Pentose monosaccharide , phosphate and base
nitrogenous
:
↳ form b'-5'
Phosphodiester bonds
Pyrimidine Sman
nitrogenous bases with one carbon ring Thymine and Cytosine
:
Purine large nitrogenous base Adenine and Guanine
with two carbon
rings
:
-
↳ Purines
always bond pyrimidines keep evenly spaced
with to
Double helix :
Two strands of DNA run antiparamel joined by hydrogen bonds
Complementary base pairing Cytosine :
makes 3
hydrogen bonds with guanine
Adenine makes 2
hydrogen bonds with
thymine
RNA : Ribonucleic acid ->
short section of transcribed DNA
↳ Uracil
replaces thymine
Semi Conservative Replication :
:
DNA helicase unzips the double helix
2 .
Free nucleotides pair with the bases
3
DNA polymeise Catalyses the formation of backbone
sugar-phosphate
.
a new
4 .
Two semi-conservative DNA molecules are produced
Leading Strand DNA strand unzipped from
:
the 3'end -> Antisense strand
Lagging Strand DNA strand
:
unzipped from the 'end ->
sense strand
Continuous replication Continual replication of :
the
leading strand by DNA polymerase
Discontinuous replication replication of the fragments
Staggered lagging strand - Okazaki
:
Degenerate Code :
Several base combinations code for the some amino acid
Transcription :
:
DNA helicase unzips the double helix around the
gene
2
Free RNA nucleotides with the bases on the template antisense Strand
.
pair
3.
RNA polymerise Catalyses the formation of a new
sugar phosphate backbone
4 MRNA of the
.
sense strand is produced and leaves the nucleus
Translation :
1 .
mRNA binds to the ribosome
2
ERNA with acid binds to the mRNA
the
complimentary amino
.
.
3
Another RNA binds to the next codon of the mRNA
4 .
Peptidyl transferase catalyses the formation of a peptide band ,
releasing the RNA
5 This repeats until the stop Codan is
.
reached ->
polypeptide is released and modified by the
golgi
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