In depth, chronological notes covering the Civil Society Protest (in America) section of the IEB History matric syllabus - according to the Subject Assessment Guidelines Document.
Organized as comparative summaries and a color co-ordinated timeline
- Civil Rights Movement
- Black Power Movement...
Civil Rights Movement Black Power Movement The Black Panthers
Context Civil war - North won who had fought to end slavery.
13th amendment: Abolished slavery
14th amendment: Blacks = full US citizens equal protection under law
15th amendment: Right to vote for ALL
In law of constitution by 1870
Discrimination Continued
Violence and brutality to stop Blacks registering for vote
Jim Crow Laws: restricted and segregated blacks and whites
Limited freedom and opportunities
Stripped blacks of civil rights
o Busses
o Restaurants
o Toilets
o Education’
o
Federal government didn’t enforce US constitution
Even in the north African Americans often lived in ghettos in the cities
o They didn’t share the opportunities and wealth
WW2 Turning Point:
Awareness of human rights
Steps taken to prevent racial discrimination in army and its employment
Fighting against oppression in war come back to lives dominated by racial prejudice and discrimination
,Definition & Massive Campaign of non-violent protest 1950s- Term coined by Carmichael (SNCC chairman)during Militant group within Black Power
Main Ideas 1960s march against fear in Mississippi Movement
Creates crisis and tension community forced to Controversial term amorphous and ever “Power to the people”
confront issues and to negotiate changing
Panther- vicious animal, if attacked,
Challenge and question the government wanting 1. Black violence vs white wouldn’t back down
civil rights that revolve around basic freedoms that 2. Black pride : Black college students SELF DEFENSE
should be every day without interference successfully agitated for Black Studies
program “Whatever needed to be done”
Political Opposition 3. Black Economics: Nathan Wright - Not out to kill whites
(Conservative Black Repuclican) organised - Here to stay: no longer
Ordinary People Standing together against the a black capitalist movement oppressed
state 4. Black self-sufficiency - No restrictions
Pressure on authorities influence public opinion 5. Black Separation
6. Black Nationalism
7. Black Political Power
8. Black Working Class Revolution
9. Black Domination
10. Black Supremacy
Aims & Goals To guarantee constitutional rights denied to African Rejection of non violent methods 1) Freedom
Americans. Right to protect yourself against violence 2) Full employment
Regular conferences 3) End to the white’s robbery of
Used legal challenges to the system Encouraging black participation in public black’s rights
affairs 4) Descent housing
“WE MUST MEET VIOLENCE WITH NON-VIOLENCE, Promoting economic and social equality 5) African American men exempt
WE MUST MEET HATE WITH LOVE” –MLK (black entrepreneurship) from army
Coinciding with riots 6) Freedom for all African
Diffferent Groups: American men in prisons
The goal of Black Power was to empower
1. National Association for the Advancement 7) African Americal trialled by
and create a strong racial identity for
of Coloured People (NAACP) court of jury peers from own
African-Americans.
Formed to challenge cases of Bllack Community as defined
, discrimination and to spread Aimed not so much at changing law and by constitution
awareness solidarity reform but empowering the confidence 8) Land, bread, housing,
Supported by the Church morals and pride within the everyday African education, justice and peace
Created awareness through Law American 9) UN supervised vote held
Suits NO LONGER OPRESSED AND INFERIOR throughout Black community
PROMOTED NATIONALISM to determine their own
2. Southern Christian Leadership Conference It glorified shared qualities such as dialect, nation’s fate
(SCLC) physical attributes, and history
Formed by Martin Luther King Junior Black Power also encouraged a separation 64% of Blacks took pride in
Ran conferences and trained civil from white society, saying black people Black Power
rights activists in techniques of non- should write their own histories and form
violence in handling: their own institutions, like credit unions
Police and its temperament and political parties.
Law no arrests African-Americans by promoting feelings
Media – reactions to events, of beauty and self-worth and showing that
maintain public approval they were strong enough to thrive without
support the support of white institutions.
Mainly organised peaceful Mass
Marches increasing Public Relations 64% of Blacks took pride in Black Power
3. Student Non Violent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC)
Formed by Black and white students
deeply moved by the CRM
Organised sit ins in public segregated
places civil disobedience
Did Freedom rides after CORE and
faced violent results as well
4. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Formed by James Former
Freedom ride protests: rode on
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