APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Questions And Answers

APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Questions And Answers What is a hormone and how does it act? - ANS Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone. What is a paracrine gland? - ANS a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells What is an autocrine gland? - ANS A secretion that only affects the secreting cell. What is an endocrine gland? - ANS A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells What is an exocrine gland? - ANS A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface. Where is the thymus located? - ANS mediastinum; behind the sternum Where is the pineal gland located? - ANS center of brain Where are the reproductive organs located? - ANS abdomen; pelvic Where is the pituitary gland located? - ANS sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain Where are the adrenal glands located? - ANS on top of each kidney Where is the pancreas located? - ANS posterior to the stomach What are the two steroid hormones? - ANS Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone Describe steroid hormones - ANS -diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus -combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA -promote transcription of mRNA -mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis Describe non-steroid hormones. - ANS Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects. How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? - ANS The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - ANS Hypothalamus Describe tropic hormones - ANS stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones