A summary of the powerpoints of the lectures of Destination Management. These lectures are part of the minor Destination Management (English) at Inholland Diemen. The lectures were given by Karel Werdler and the notes were made in 2017.
Destination Management
A1 Welcome to destination management
UNESCO world heritage sites
Italy 53 sites
China 52 sites
Spain 46 sites
France 43
Germany 42
Mexico 33
India 32
Didactic goals
Students can
Give a definition of UNESCO World Heritage;
Explain the process that a site has to follow in order to receive UNESCO World Heritage Label
Explain the relationship between UNESCO and IUCN;
Explain the future challenges facing World Heritage designation;
Identify the UNESCO sites in The Netherlands;
Explain which Dutch sites might merit UNESCO designation in the future;
Explain the direct and indirect UNESCO regulations.
UNESCO World Heritage List
1073 natural sites and cultural sites (2017)
Collected in association with IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and
Icomos (International council on monuments and sites.
IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature is a membership union uniquely composed of both
government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-government with the
knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to
take place together.
Created in 1948, IUCN has evolved into the world’s largest and most diverse environmental network. It
harnesses the experience, resources and reach of its 1300 member organisations and the input of
some 16000 experts. IUCN is the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures
needed to safeguard it. Our experts are organised into six commissions dedicated to species survival,
environmental law, protected areas, social and economic policy, ecosystem management and
education and communication.
Vision: A just world that values and conserves nature.
Mission: Influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically
sustainably.
History: IUCN was founded in October 1948 as the International Union for the Protection of Nature
following an international conference in Fontainebleau, France. The organisation changed it name to
,the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1956 with the acronym
IUCN (UICN in French and Spanish). This remains our full legal name to this day.
ICOMOS
The International Council on Monuments and Sites is a professional association that works for the
conservation and protection of cultural heritage places around the world. Now headquartered in Paris,
ICOMOS was founded in 1965 in Warsaw as a result of the Venice Charter of 1964, and offers advice
to UNESCO on World Heritage Sites.
Significance of the convention
Signing means intention and requirement to protect all of the heritage (also outside your own borders)
For example, the pyramids of Gizeh are heritage of the whole world.
Tension between conservers and consumers
UNESCO: conserving for future generations
National: supporting national identity, attracting tourism
International challenges: maintaining, preserving sites and authenticity.
Possible disadvantages of tourism
Damaging by breathing: certain paintings
Graffiti: carving names in for example the Chinese wall
Disturbing the infrastructure: people on bikes in Amsterdam
Contradictions for becoming an UNESCO site
Monuments can only be listed when there’s national protection
Only national organizations can suggest listing
Some locations will not make it to the list because there’s no sufficient national protection
(exception Angkor Wat: Buddhist temple in Indonesia, very impressive building but Indonesian
people aren’t Buddhists.
World Heritage Danger list: designed to inform the international community of conditions which
threaten the very characteristics for which property was inscribed on the World Heritage List
and to encourage corrective action. (Armed conflict and war, earthquakes and other natural
disasters, pollution, poaching, uncontrolled urbanization and unchecked tourist development
pose major problems to World Heritage sites. Dangers can be ascertained referring to specific
and proven imminent threats, or potential, when a property is faced with threats which could
have negative effects on its World Heritage values).
No jurisdiction because sovereignty overrules.
Exceptional universal value
Very diverse list from many international toppers (Grand Canyon, Stonehenge and Taj Mahal) but also
lesser unknown attractions such as Lunenburg, Schokland and Thatta.
The list is incomplete
Some highlights are missing: Manhattan, Niagara Falls, Mecca, The Dead Sea and the Amazon rain
forest. This is often because they are spread over multiple countries which makes it harder.
Financial problems
Only 1% of UNESCO contribution is reserved for heritage. That’s only 4 million dollars a year. This is
for countries that are too poor to protect their monuments but it’s not much. The monument protection
in the Netherlands has a yearly budget of 60 million euros.
Future challenges
Less locations on the list
Only select quality
, Use a classification system such as Michelin stars
International listing instead of national
Raise contributions to UNESCO
World Heritage in The Netherlands
Schokland in Noordoostpolder (symbol of fight against water)
Fortification of Amsterdam 135 kilometres defensive line of 45 fortresses
Mills of Kinderdijk 18th century in Alblasserwaard
Ir. D.F.Wouda-pumping station (1920) largest steam pumps worldwide in Friesland
De Beemster (1612) in the Leeghwater, first polder in The Netherlands
Historical centre Willemtad on Curacao Island (17th century)
Rietveld-Schroeder House in Utrecht
Since 2009 Wadden-Sea, largest estuary worldwide
Amsterdam – Canal area
Van Nelle Fabriek Rotterdam
Opportunities for future heritages
Prehistoric locations Drenthe
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