Summary
Samenvatting F710347A - Publieke economie
- Course
- Institution
F710347A - Publieke economie
[Show more]
2 reviews
By: verbekenilsjp • 9 months ago
By: verbekenilsjp • 9 months ago
Seller
Follow
zoeverbeek
Reviews received
Content preview
SAMENVATTING PUBLIEKEECONOMIE
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................................6
Introductie.................................................................................................................................................................7
De staat/overheid..................................................................................................................................................7
Ideologische visie op relatie individu en staat: organische vs mechanistische visie............................................7
Consequentionalisme en itentionalisme/deontologie..........................................................................................7
Economie zonder overheid...................................................................................................................................7
Idee van de ‘minimale staat’.............................................................................................................................8
Basisbegrippen micro-economie...........................................................................................................................8
Marktefficiëntie.................................................................................................................................................8
Pareto-verbetering............................................................................................................................................9
Markten en Pareto-efficiëntie.........................................................................................................................10
Positieve en normatieve analyse........................................................................................................................11
Efficiëntie van markten en algemeen evenwicht................................................................................................11
Veronderstellingen..........................................................................................................................................12
Consumptie: de ruileconomie.............................................................................................................................12
Edgeworth box................................................................................................................................................14
Edgeworth box en ruil.....................................................................................................................................14
Edgeworth box met prijslijn............................................................................................................................15
Edgeworth box met voorkeuren.....................................................................................................................15
Contractcurve..................................................................................................................................................16
Conclusie Edgeworth consumptie...................................................................................................................17
Productie.............................................................................................................................................................18
Edgeworth box voor productie.......................................................................................................................18
Productiemogelijkhedencurve (PMC).............................................................................................................18
Top level efficiëntie.............................................................................................................................................20
Competitie leidt tot.............................................................................................................................................20
Eerste welvaartstheorema..................................................................................................................................21
Tweede welvaartstheorema...............................................................................................................................21
Hoe decenraliseren?.......................................................................................................................................21
Observaties..........................................................................................................................................................22
H19: Externe effecten..............................................................................................................................................23
1
, Negatieve externaliteiten in een markt..............................................................................................................23
(negatieve) Externe effecten en het maatschappelijk optimum....................................................................24
Pigouviaanse belastingen................................................................................................................................25
Drie conclusies.................................................................................................................................................26
‘Markt’ van de vervuiling.....................................................................................................................................26
Link met milieu-economie...............................................................................................................................28
Doel van de overheid..........................................................................................................................................30
Pigouviaanse belastingen................................................................................................................................31
Normen en standaarden (commond and control)..........................................................................................33
Emissierechten ‘cap and trade’.......................................................................................................................35
Positieve externe effecten..................................................................................................................................36
Alternatieven om externaliteiten op te lossen...............................................................................................37
Internaliteiten......................................................................................................................................................39
Merite en demeritegoederen.........................................................................................................................39
H20: Publieke goederen..........................................................................................................................................40
Vier soorten goederen en diensten....................................................................................................................40
Publieke goederen...............................................................................................................................................40
vrijbuiters en de financiering van publieke goederen....................................................................................40
Optimale voorziening van privaat en publiek goed............................................................................................41
Private voorziening van een publiek goed......................................................................................................43
Evaluatie..........................................................................................................................................................49
Sociale normen als oplossing..........................................................................................................................50
Gemeenschappelijke bronnen............................................................................................................................51
Clubgoederen......................................................................................................................................................52
Hoe beslissen tot voorziening van publiek goed?...............................................................................................52
Kosteneffectiviteitsanalyse.............................................................................................................................53
Maatschappelijke kosten en baten analyse (MKBA).......................................................................................57
Waarderingsmethoden voor niet markt-goederen............................................................................................63
Soorten waarde...............................................................................................................................................63
Voorkeuren......................................................................................................................................................64
Compenserende variatie en equivalente variatie: exacte welvaartsmaatstaven...........................................65
Waarderingsmethoden...................................................................................................................................67
H18: Mededinginsbeleid/marktmacht....................................................................................................................70
De overheid als bewaker van competitie............................................................................................................70
Competitie...........................................................................................................................................................71
Efficiëntie.............................................................................................................................................................71
Competitie en allocatieve efficiëntie..............................................................................................................71
2
, Competitie en technische efficiËntie...............................................................................................................71
Volmaakte mededinging bij perfecte concurrentie........................................................................................72
Volmaakte mededinging bij monopolistische concurrentie...........................................................................73
Verschillende marktvormen............................................................................................................................74
Dynamische efficiËntie?..................................................................................................................................75
Perfecte informatie.........................................................................................................................................75
Assymetrische informatie...............................................................................................................................76
Introductie rationaliteit, speltheorie en behavioural economics...........................................................................78
Rationeel keuzemodel.........................................................................................................................................78
Ecpected utility model.........................................................................................................................................78
Speltheorie......................................................................................................................................................79
Vraag................................................................................................................................................................79
Streepjesspel...................................................................................................................................................79
Kaartjessspel....................................................................................................................................................79
Conclusie.........................................................................................................................................................80
Nash-evenwicht...................................................................................................................................................81
Potentiële strategieën?...................................................................................................................................81
Vier karakteristieken van goede strategie (Axelrod)......................................................................................82
Behavioural economics...........................................................................................................................................83
Het ‘neoklassieke’ basismodel: rational choice..................................................................................................83
Als economische agenten niet het rationeel keuzemodel volgen..................................................................83
Behavioural economics (gedragseconomie).......................................................................................................84
Gedragsvertkeningen (bias)................................................................................................................................84
Kritieken..............................................................................................................................................................89
Gevolgen voor beleid..........................................................................................................................................89
H7: Gevolgen van overheidsingrepen.....................................................................................................................90
Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................90
Indirecte belastingen en subsidies......................................................................................................................91
Belasting op het aanbod..................................................................................................................................92
Belasting op de vraag......................................................................................................................................94
Gevolgen van de indirecte belasting...............................................................................................................97
Twee observaties...........................................................................................................................................100
Leiden hogere belastingtarieven tot hogere belastingsontvangsten?.........................................................101
Subsidies........................................................................................................................................................102
Prijsinterventie..................................................................................................................................................103
Maximumprijs of prijsflafond........................................................................................................................103
Minimumprijs of prijsbodem.........................................................................................................................105
3
, Quota = hoeveelheidsinterventie.....................................................................................................................107
Optimale belastingen........................................................................................................................................108
H22: Publieke keuze en sociale keuze...................................................................................................................109
Normatieve welvaartstheorie...........................................................................................................................109
Publieke dienstverlening...............................................................................................................................109
Publieke keuzetheorie.......................................................................................................................................110
Politieke markt: ‘marktevenwicht’................................................................................................................110
Verkiezingen en het onmogelijkheidstheorema van Arrow.............................................................................111
Stemprocedures (soorten kiessystemen).....................................................................................................111
Voorkeuren en onmogelijkheid.....................................................................................................................112
Theorie van de mediaankiezer..........................................................................................................................113
Evaluatie mediaankiezer...............................................................................................................................116
Evolutie van de overheid...................................................................................................................................117
Budgetmaximaliserende ambtenaar (Niksanen)..........................................................................................118
Budgetmaximalisernede manager (Niksanen)..............................................................................................118
De wet van Wagner (vraag)...........................................................................................................................119
De wet van Baumol (aanbod)........................................................................................................................119
Pal- of Ratchet-effect....................................................................................................................................119
H21: Ongelijkheid en herverdeling........................................................................................................................120
Beoordeling van ongelijkheid............................................................................................................................120
Verschil allocatie en distributie.....................................................................................................................120
Voorbeeld......................................................................................................................................................121
Gelijkheid van kansen....................................................................................................................................122
Waarom aandacht voor ongelijkheid?..........................................................................................................123
Argumenten pro ongelijkheid.......................................................................................................................123
Discriminatie..................................................................................................................................................124
Discriminatie van wat? Wat is welvaart?......................................................................................................125
Geëquivaliseerd inkomen = equivalent inkomen.........................................................................................126
Hoe ongelijkheid meten....................................................................................................................................127
(Cumulatieve) inkomensverdeling................................................................................................................127
Decielenmethode..........................................................................................................................................128
Lorenz-curve..................................................................................................................................................129
Problemen met meting van ongelijkheid......................................................................................................130
Branko Milanovic: toename van het inkomen tussen 1988 en 2008...........................................................132
Armoede............................................................................................................................................................132
Armoedemeting............................................................................................................................................133
Gevolgen van armoede.................................................................................................................................133
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller zoeverbeek. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.40. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83507 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now