i have provided an in depth note about electricity that can be used for GCSE Physics, A-Level Physics and even for foundation year university for engineering courses.
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL CHARGE Electron
Charge (e)
:
1 6
.
x 10 C
Definition :
A flow rate of
charged particles from one place to another
Number of electrons
Q :
I ne
unit of colomb (C) As Elementary Charge
charge or
-
charge is represented in terms of electron flow
To produce a
charge of 1 colomb you need 1 6x10-19 =
6 . 3x10"
electrons Net
charge
.
,
Charge does flow through material
not
every
-Only conductors allow
charge to flow ,
insulator stops charge from
flowing
To measure how fast charge i
flowing ,
find current
Current :
rate of flow of
charge Change in charge (c) Q
I =
Current (A) :
a
in time (s) B t
change
It is the amount of
charge passing a
given point in a circuit per unit time .
-One ampere (IA) is the same as one coulomb of
marge passing a given point per second (1Cs"(
ELEMENTARY CHARGES The
magnitude of the current in a circuit is
equal to the
·
Charge carrier Charge/c rate of flow of
charge through a circuit .
proton 1 60 .
x 10-19
ELECTRONS
,
electron
Metals containing positive ions and free delocalized electrons
-
frion due to metallic bonding .
-When a potential difference is applied across a conductor (e g .
battery)
Soalium 6x10-19
.
ion 1 .
the electrons drift towards one end of a conductor (from -
to +1
Chloride ion
-
1 .
6x10-19
particles this forms
-
As electrons are charged ,
movement a current
C be free electrons drift (
must ,
or
they wont
:
W
⑧
A
⑧-
- (ni3(
n carrier density
⑧-
=
charge
V
⑧- -
(AL
-
V - - I :
Wrent in conductor
L
- -
W I
· -
- -
> A :
cross sectional area (mil
⑧- >
L of section (m)
length
:
L >
L V diff (ms" (
: mean velocity of electious
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