Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Genetics Summary
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Handwritten Summary by an Oxford Medical Student which covers all content necessary for an A* in Genetics at OCR Biology A-Level.
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MutationChange in the sequence of bases in DNA
:
.
Substitution
Swapping of bases to form
·
a new nucleotide
:
.
Deletion/insertion Frameshift
·
:
mutation
for
Degenerative Several different codons code the some amino acid
·
:
Effects of mutations No effect , damaging beneficial
:
,
-
Silent No notable effect
· :
Nonsense Creates stop codon - shortened protein
·
a
:
Missense Creation of the incorrect amino acid
· :
Amorph :
loss of protein function
Reduced protein function
Hypomorph
:
Increased protein function
Hypermorph
:
Mutagens Chemical physical or biological agent that causes mutation
:
,
Ionizing radiation
·
physical
:
Chemical
Deaminating agents
·
:
Biological Alkylating agents base analogs
·
viruses
:
, ,
Chromosome mutation Occur in meiosis
:
Normally
·
Deletion Section of :
the chromosome breaks off and is lost in the cel
·
Duplication :
Sections of the chromosome duplicate
·
Translocation :
Sections bream off and join a
non-homologous Chromosome
·
Inversion Section breaus off reverses and the chromosome
rejoins
:
, ,
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