ACSM EP-C Exam Practice Questions With Correct Answers

Initial interview could lead to: - Answers 1)referral to other health care professional 2)pre-activity screening pre-activity screening could lead to: - Answers 1)physician clearance, 2)informed consent, assumption of risk fitness eval reasons for screening - Answers To identify those with a medical contraindication (exclusion) to performing specific assessments To identify those who should receive a medical evaluation before performing specific assessments To identify those who should only perform some specific (vigorous) assessments administered by professionals with clinical experience To identify those with other health risk/medical concerns that may influence decision to perform assessments levels of screening - Answers self-guided (Par-Q+) professionally supervised ACSM Does NOT currently exercise - Answers ACSM Currently exercises regularly - Answers Signs & Symptoms - Answers -Pain, discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms -shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion -dizziness or syncope -orthopnea or nocturnal dyspnea -ankle edema -palpitations or tachycardia -intermittent claudication -known heart murmur -unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities Informed consent - Answers document that dictates what the participant will be asked to do -ethical and legal consideration -Non-exercise test -exercise test Participant can ask questions and note where they do. Informed consent key components - Answers -must state the participant is free to withdraw at any time -must be 18 yrs or signed by guardian -emergency procedures Medical history components - Answers -medical diagnosis -previous physical exam findings -history of symptoms -recent illness, new medical diagnosis or procedures -orthopedic problems -medication -habits such as caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use -exercise history -work history -family history CVD positive risk factors - Answers -Age (Men ≥ 45, women ≥ 55) -Family history (CVD event of 1st degree in Male ≥ 55 or Female ≥ 65) -cigarette smoking (current quit within 6mo. & exposure to secondhand) -sedentary lifestyle (30 min of activity at least 3 days/wk) -Obesity (≥ 30) -Waist girth (≥102 for men, ≥88 for women) -Hypertension (Systolic ≥ 140)(Diastolic ≥ 90) (medication) -Dyslipidemia (LDL ≥ 130) (HDL 40) -cholesterol ≥ 200 -Prediabetes (fasting glucose test ≥ 100 and 126 CVD Negative Risk Factors - Answers HDL ≥ 60 Prior to testing - Answers -No food, alcohol, caffeine and tobacco for 3 hours -be rested, avoid exertion day of assessment -wear loose clothing -have someone to accompany them home Doubled CVD risk for every ____________ mmHg for Blood pressure - Answers 20/10 mmHg Conditions that warrant 140/90 as idea blood pressure - Answers Aging and diabetics Reducing blood pressure - Answers -physical activity -weight reduction -reduced sodium intake -moderate alcohol consumption Pulmonary Function testing is recommended for anyone: - Answers -with dyspnea (shortness of breath) -smokers 45 yrs -chronic cough -wheezing -excessive mucus production Spirometry measurements - Answers -Forced vital capacity -Forced expiratory volum in one second -FEV1.0/FVC -peak expiratory flow Reduced FEV1.0/ FVC - Answers obstructive issue Reduced FVC - Answers restrictive issue Normal heart rate - Answers 60-80bpm -rises slightly with age Tachycardia - Answers 100 bpm -a resting HR slightly above (+5) may indicate over training Bradycardia - Answers 60 bpm -athletes tend to have lower resting HR Systole - Answers ventricular contraction Diastole - Answers Ventricular relaxation Heart rate - Answers at rest, 60% diastole Reversed during exercise Measuring HR - Answers Palpitation -brachial or carotid arteries Telemetry -heart rate monitor or stethoscope Electrocardiogram (ECG) -gold standard Radial artery for HR - Answers better measurement at rest Carotid artery for HR - Answers better measurement for exercise RPE - Answers Borg Scale (6-20) Category ratio scale (0-10) Systolic BP - Answers pressure on the arterial wall when blood is being pumped from the left ventricle Diastolic BP - Answers pressure on the arterial wall when the heart is at rest BMI - Answers Weight (kg) / Height ^2 (m) 25-29.0 is overweight 30 is obese Circumference Measurements - Answers measured with Gulick Tape (cloth tape with a spring loaded handle) used to measure the pattern of body fat distribution 2 measurements: Must be within 5mm of each measurement or restart Waist: Hip Ratio - Answers Used to assess body fat distribution Health risk is considered VERY HIGH with a WHR of: .95 (young men) .86 (young women) 1.03 (60-69 yr men) .9 (60-69 yr women) Skinfold procedure - Answers fold skin firmly in left hand between thumb and index finger have subject slightly contract muscle place caliper 2 cm below fingers hold pinch but release caliper read within 3 seconds Skinfold - Answers all measurements must be taken on the right side of the body Must retest if there is more than a 2 mm difference between readings rotate through sites Chest (skinfold) - Answers diagonal line between anterior axillary fold and nipple 1/2 men 1/3 in women Mid-axillary (skin fold) - Answers vertical fod perpendicular to xiphoid process Triceps (skinfold) - Answers vertical fold half way between acromion process and olecranon process half way between lateral and medial borders of the triceps Subscapular (skinfold) - Answers diagonal fold taken at 45 degrees, one cm below the lowest angled portion of the scapula measurement should be taken with the arm at rest suprailliac (skinfold) - Answers diagonal fold 2 cm above iliac crest at the natural angle of crest taken at the anterior axillary line Abdominal (skinfold) - Answers vertical fold vertical line, 2 cm lateral to the participants umbilicus thigh (skinfold) - Answers vertical fold half the distance between the inguinal crease and the patella Other forms of body composition - Answers hydrostatic weighing air plethysmography bioelectrical impedance DEXA Why measure cardiorespiratory fitness? - Answers Can provide an estimate of overall health, 1 MET corresponds to: 13% decrease in all-cause mortality 15% decrease in CV events -Provides an indication of endurance capacity for competitive purposes aka: aerobic capacity aerobic power physical working capacity aerobic capacity - Answers the ability of the muscles to use oxygen received from the heart and lungs to produce energy (rate at which body uses O2) dependent on Cardiac output and Oxygen commonly used modes for exercise testing: - Answers max vs submit field tests cycle ergometer treadmill step test field test Selecting the appropriate CRF assessment - Answers Primary consideration: -intensity, length and cost of test -type and number of people needed -equipment and facility needed -physician supervision -info required -accuracy of results -appropriateness of exercise -willingness to participate Aerobic Training Frequency - Answers 3-5 days per week Aerobic Training intensity - Answers initial fitness will determine appropriate intensity to achieve required overload Monitored by: RPE, METs, HR and power measurements Aerobic training type - Answers -treadmill, elliptical, etc -LSD, Interval, Fartlek, etc aerobic training time - Answers moderate intensity: 30-60 min (150-300 per week) Vigorous intensity: 20-60 min (75 min/wk) combine moderate and vigorous (60-90 min recommended for weight control) aerobic training volume - Answers product of frequency, intensity and time aerobic training progression - Answers 5-10 min every 1-2 weeks for 4-6 weeks; after make small adjustments Resistance training principles - Answers Overload Reversibility Specificity Periodization Resistance training Frequency - Answers whole body: -2-3 days per week -with 48 hours between sessions split body: -4 days per week -shorter duration of training for day Resistance training intensity - Answers volume and intensity go hand in hand -novice and intermediate (60-70% 1RM or less than 50% if sedentary) -experienced (80% 1RM) -older individuals (40-50% or 20-50%) -Improving muscular endurance (50% 1RM) Resistance training time - Answers no specific time has been established resistance training type - Answers each muscle group should be targeted -multi-joint exercises -avoid creating imbalances Machines vs free-weight - Answers Machine disadvantage: -do not fit all proportions -do not allow full ROM -negate stabilizing muscles