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NERC Reliability Coordinator Exam Vocabulary (STUDY GUIDE)
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NERC Reliability Coordinator Exam Vocabulary (STUDY GUIDE)
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NERC Reliability Coordinator Exam VocabularyAccelerating Power
In a GENERATOR, the difference between the MECHANICAL INPUT POWER and the electrical output
POWER (assuming no LOSSES). For a GENERATOR's TORQUE ANGLE to change, the GENERATOR must
have accelerating POWER.
Accumulated Inadvertent
The accumulation over time of INADVERTENT ENERGY. The accumulated inadvertent account of a
BALANCING AUTHORITY represents the amount of excess ENERGY a BALANCING AUTHORITY has either
supplied to the INTERCONNECTION or absorbed from the INTERCONNECTION. BALANCING AUTHORITIES
monitor their accumulated inadvertent to ensure the accounts do not grow too large
Active Power
The component of the COMPLEX POWER that performs the work. The common unit of active power is
the MW and the symbol is "P". Active power is sometimes called REAL POWER.
Actual Interchange
The metered INTERCHANGE over a specific INTERCONNECTION between two PHYSICALLY ADJACENT
BALANCING AUTHORITIES.
Actual Load
The actual MW drawn by a LOAD from the POWER SYSTEM. The actual load will be different from the
rated or NOMINAL LOAD if the LOAD's VOLTAGE or FREQUENCY vary from their NOMINAL values
Adequacy
,The ability of the electric SYSTEM to supply the aggregate electrical DEMAND and ENERGY requirements
of the end-use customers at all times, taking into account SCHEDULED and reasonably expected
unSCHEDULEd OUTAGEs of SYSTEM ELEMENTS.ua
Adequate Regulating Margin
The minimum on-line CAPACITY that can be increased or decreased to allow the SYSTEM to respond to
all reasonable DEMAND changes in order to be incompliance with the CONTROL PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS.
Adjacent Balancing Authorities
A BALANCING AUTHORITY AREA that is interconnected to another BALANCING AUTHORITY AREA either
directly or via a multi-party AGREEMENT or TRANSMISSION TARIFF.
AGC Pulses
The AGC SYSTEM sends signals to selected (regulating) GENERATORS to adjust their set-points. These
signals are sent via telecommunication EQUIPMENT. The signals are often called AGC pulses.
Air- Gap
The air space between the ROTOR and STATOR of a motor or GENERATOR.
Alternating Current (AC)
In AC SYSTEM the CURRENT and VOLTAGE magnitudes constantly vary or alternate. CURRENT and
VOLTAGE magnitudes do not alternate in a DC SYSTEM.
Alternator
,A Rotating machine whose output is alternating VOLTAGE and CURRENT
Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
A common type of TRANSMISSION line CONDUCTOR that comes in many different sizes and designs. The
aluminum is the CONDUCTOR and the steel provides strength.
Amortisseur Winding
A machine winding consisting of a number of conducting bars attached between the magnetic POLES of
the machine's ROTOR. Amortisseur windings may be used as starter windings or to help dampen POWER
OSCILLATIONS
Ampere (amp)
The unit of measurement for CURRENT flow, often stated as "amp".
Amplitute
The value or magnitude that a waveform has at a specific point in time.
Analog Electronics
Electronic circuitry in which the magnitudes of quantities are used in a continuous manner to perform
functions. For example, input CURRENT values may be amplified and used to perform work in an analog
CIRCUIT. Analog is different than digital in the sense that analog CIRCUITS use VOLTAGE and CURRENT
magnitudes continuously while digital CIRCUITS use VOLTAGE and CURRENT to determine the state (on
or off) of ELEMENTS.
Ancillary Services (FERC Definition)
, Those services that are necessary to support the TRANSMISSION of CAPACITY and ENERGY from
RESOURCES to LOADS while maintaining reliable operation of the TRANSMISSION SERVICE PROVIDER's
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM in accordance with GOOD UTILITY PRACTICE.
Angle Instability
The opposite of ANGLE STABILITY. When a POWER SYSTEM loses ANGLE STABILITY it enters a PERIOD of
angle instability. An angle unstable SYSTEM has lost some portion of the magnetic bound that holds
sections of the POWER SYSTEM in synchronism with one another.
Angle Stability
An angle stable POWER SYSTEM is one in which all ELEMENTS of the POWER SYSTEM are bound
together via magnetic forces. For example, an angle stable GENERATOR's internal MAGNETIC FIELD
rotates in synchronism (in-step) with the MAGNETIC FIELD of the 3Φ POWER SYSTEM to which it
connects.
Apparent Power
The product of VOLTAGE and CURRENT PHASORS. Apparent power comprises both active and REACTIVE
POWER, usually expressed in KILOVOLTAMPEREs (kVA) or megavoltamperes (MVA). Another term for
apparent power is COMPLEX POWER.
ARC
The discharge of CURRENT through the air or in a gas.
Arcing Horns
An enhancement to a DISCONNECT SWITCH to increase the switch's CURRENT interrupting capability.
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