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Leadership
Samenvatting Tentamen 24 oktober 2017
Specialisatie Arbeids- en Organisatiepsychologie Universiteit van Amsterdam
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,07–09–2017 Lecture Notes – Basics of leadership & the trait approach (L1)
Origins
Evolutionary Leadership Theory (ELT) – Van Vugt & Ronay (2014)
Our mind – a product of an evolutionary process of natural selection
Highly detailed ‘if-then’ decision rules, focused on survival; but what about ever more
rapidly changing environments
Leadership (van Vugt & Ronay, 2014, p. 75) = the coordination of the actions of two or
more individuals to accomplish joint goals
Functions of leadership
Solving the classic coordination problem
Group movement
Furthermore
Conflict resolution
Deciding on punishment
As group grows
Managing intergroup relations
Obstacles to improve quality
Mismatch
Biases
Tendency to dominate
Leadership depicted
Social hierarchy (Magee & Galinksy, 2008, p. 354) = an implicit or explicit rank order of
individuals or groups with respect to a valued social dimension
Formal vs informal hierarchy
Functions :
Creates social order
Facilitates coordination
Incentivizes individuals
Bases for hierarchy
Power
Status
Leadership = influence ; Yukl (2013) poses several important questions :
1. role or process?
2. type of influence process?
3. basis of influence, mechanism?
4. Purpose?
5. Leader or manager? Boss?
6. Direct or indirect? Close or distant?
Which leader?
Physical distance
Interaction frequency
Social distance
Psychological distance => contrual level theory
3
, Leadership (Yukl, 2013, p. 23) = the process of influencing others to understand and agree
about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and
collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives
Leader effectiveness
Two paradigms (different correlations with personality traits, less for the latter):
Leader emergence
Leader effectiveness
Leadership process models
Antonakis, Day, & Schyns (2012)
Effects on individual
employee; team or
department and
organization
Trait approach of leadership
Leadership can be predicted by
Personality
Motives or needs
Values, including self-values
Skills
Characteristics (Yukl, 2013, pp. 145 – 155) !
Some notable aspects :
Social vs personal power motivation
McClelland’s (1985) Human Motivation Theory
Need for achievement
Need for affiliation
Need for power
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