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Samenvatting Stad en ruimte
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Stad en ruimteInhoudsopgave
1. Les 1: Ruimte een ‘hidden dimension’? .............................................................................................................................5
1.1. Proxemic patterns (weliswaar zoals toen in VS-middenklasse gemeten) ........................................................................ 5
1.2. Indeling van sociale afstanden ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3. Fysieke systemen stelt condities (Löw: constraining factors/hindrances/boundary conditions) ..................................... 7
1.4. Fysieke systeem als bron van kansen (Löw: enabling factors/ordering dimension) ........................................................ 7
1.5. Eigenschappen of grondvormen en gradaties van ruimte (Simmel)................................................................................ 8
1.6. De sociale productie van ruimte ...................................................................................................................................... 8
1.7. Ruimte ‘reproduceert’ (stabilizes social life; persistence of social behavior)................................................................... 8
1.8. Opdracht 1....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9. Hoe wordt ruimte geproduceerd? ................................................................................................................................... 9
1.10. 4 keys dimensions of socio-spatial relations (Jessop B.) .................................................................................................. 9
1.11. Ruimte: een ‘hidden dimension’ in sociologie (Σ) ?.......................................................................................................... 9
1.12. Bijlage ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.13. Samenvatting verplichte literatuur................................................................................................................................ 10
1.13.1. Tekst 1: Theorizing socio-spatial relations..................................................................................................................... 10
1.13.2. The sociology of space and place – John Urry ............................................................................................................... 13
2. Les 2: Ruimte en tijd als sociale constructies ................................................................................................................... 14
2.1. Ruimte (en tijd) zijn sociale constructies – Norbert Elias ............................................................................................... 15
2.2. Tijd als oriëntatiemiddel ................................................................................................................................................ 15
2.3. Ruimte als oriëntatiemiddel .......................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1. Illustratie 2.1 ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.2. Illustratie 2.2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
2.3.2.1. Soorten kaartvoorstellingen (1) ..................................................................................................................................... 17
2.4. Laag abstractieniveau & tijd (vroeg ontwikkelingsstadium) ......................................................................................... 19
2.5. Laag abstractieniveau & ruimte (vroeg ontwikkelingsstadium).................................................................................... 20
2.6. Hoog abstractieniveau & tijd......................................................................................................................................... 20
2.7. Hoog abstractieniveau & ruimte ................................................................................................................................... 20
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,3. Les 3: Privaat en publiek domein .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1. Privaat en publiek domein ............................................................................................................................................. 22
3.2. Pleitbezorgers ‘better public places’ .............................................................................................................................. 23
3.3. Publiek domein sociologisch: een triade van sociale ruimtes (Lyn Lofland) .................................................................. 23
3.3.1. Sporen van privatisering ................................................................................................................................................ 25
3.3.2. Oorzaken krimpende parochiale sfeer? ......................................................................................................................... 26
3.3.3. Oorzaken krimpend publiek domein? ............................................................................................................................ 26
3.3.4. Organized complexity in steden .................................................................................................................................... 27
3.4. Juridisch: een tweedeling .............................................................................................................................................. 27
3.4.1. Privaat domein .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.4.2. Openbaar of publiek domein ......................................................................................................................................... 27
3.4.3. Kadastrale ‘aarden’ - ONGEBOUWDE PERCELEN .......................................................................................................... 28
3.4.4. Kadastrale ‘aarden’BEBOUWDE PERCELEN................................................................................................................... 28
3.5. Vergeten jargon … ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.6. ‘Trage wegen’ ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
4. Illustratie krimpend publiek domein: Amerikaanse «gated communities» en de (institutionele) rem op Vlaamse
exemplaren............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.1. Amerikaanse roots ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
4.2. Beheersvorm (governance)............................................................................................................................................ 34
4.3. Sociaal-ruimtelijke kenmerken ...................................................................................................................................... 35
4.4. Ook dicht bij huis ? Kastelenbouw/woonforten in NL, nabij ’s Hertogenbosch ............................................................. 36
4.5. Hoé mogelijk in België/Vlaanderen? ............................................................................................................................. 36
5. De stedelijke mozaïek volgens de human ecology (versus dagelijkse praktijken van diversiteit) ...................................... 38
5.1. De archetypische stad: concentrische geleding ............................................................................................................. 38
5.2. Geledingsmodellen ........................................................................................................................................................ 43
5.3. Evolutie: van loutere ‘mapping’ in geledingsstudies naar geavanceerde statistiek + 4 onderzoeksthema’s ................ 46
5.4. Community studies komen deels op vanuit kritiek op ‘natural areas’ (van human Ecology /Chicago school) .............. 47
47
5.5. Artikel Schillebeeckx : Aankomstwijken (transisitiezone). Meer dan aankomst alleen. ................................................ 49
5.6. Zoom op ethnografische ‘community studies’............................................................................................................... 50
6. NIMBY en LULU als locatieconflicten ............................................................................................................................... 51
6.1. Artikel Pepermans, Loots: Wind farm struggles in Flanders fields: A sociological perspective ..................................... 52
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, 6.2. Welke inzichten uit de sociologie ? ................................................................................................................................ 53
6.2.1. De kern van vele locatievraagstukken (en NIMBY-reacties) .......................................................................................... 53
6.2.2. Frames: hoé worden conflict, verzet (en oplossingen) gekaderd ? ................................................................................ 54
6.2.3. De triade van actoren (en bondgenoten, discourscoalities) bekijken pér dossier ......................................................... 55
6.2.4. ‘Extern’ zien van ingrepen bevorderd … ........................................................................................................................ 56
6.3. Hoe mee omgaan ? ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
7. Environmental justice, climate justice : Pieter Leroy (gastles) ......................................................................................... 58
7.1. Environmental justice: een sociale beweging ................................................................................................................ 58
7.2. Environmental justice: een meerzijdig concept ............................................................................................................. 59
7.3. Env. justice: een multidisciplinair onderzoeksgebied..................................................................................................... 59
7.4. Environmental justice en ruimte.................................................................................................................................... 60
7.5. Klimaatrechtvaardigheid: specifieke eigenschappen? .................................................................................................. 61
7.6. Klimaatrechtvaardigheid: de ongelijke bijdrage ........................................................................................................... 61
7.7. Klimaatrechtvaardigheid en ruimteschalen .................................................................................................................. 62
7.8. Intergenerationele klimaatrechtvaardigheid ................................................................................................................ 62
7.9. Klimaatrechtvaardigheid: principes en praktijken ......................................................................................................... 63
7.10. Milieu en klimaatrechtvaardigheid: dus? CONCLUSIE ................................................................................................... 64
8. Territoriale ordening versus ruimtelijk netwerkdenken (micro/macro) ........................................................................... 64
8.1. Vestigingsgedrag van buurtwinkels en -diensten (territoriaal micro-vestigingsgedrag) .............................................. 65
8.1.1. Een buurtvoorziening vestigt zich territoriaal (zone, oppervlakte)................................................................................ 65
8.1.2. Andere territoriale vestigers .......................................................................................................................................... 67
8.2. De hiërarchie van de nederzettingen in een regio of land ............................................................................................. 69
8.2.1. Tekst Voets et al: Het vlaamse regime en de stadsregionale sturingspolitiek............................................................... 72
8.3. Netwerk-vestiging van typisch ‘stedelijke’ winkels en diensten .................................................................................... 74
8.3.1. ETEN! Cant et al. Over voedselwinkels en hun bereikbaarheid ..................................................................................... 76
9. Globalisering en ruimte (en de rol van global cities) ........................................................................................................ 78
9.1. Globalisering als ‘space of flows’ en als dominant discours .......................................................................................... 78
9.2. Saskia (Sennett-) Sassen’s ‘global cities’ (Amerikaans sociologe, University of Chicago/London) à de staat en de
nieuwe geografie van de macht ................................................................................................................................................... 80
9.3. Voorlopers van global cities ? ........................................................................................................................................ 81
9.4. Global cities in ‘rankings’ .............................................................................................................................................. 82
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, 9.5. Sassen sluit aan bij neo-marxisme (tweede, grote stadssociologie naast Chicago school) ........................................... 85
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