Test Bank For Pett y's Principles of Musculoskeletal Treatment and Management, 4e Question Bank Chapter 2: Function and Dysfunction of Joints Knowledge Check Page 5 1. What type of joint is the symphysis pubis? The symphysis pubis is a cartilaginous symphysis . 2. Can you name the types of the synarthroses? The two types of synarthroses are the cartilaginous and fibrous joints. 3. What are the characteristics of the synovial joint? There is joint space between the bones ; the bone ends are covered by hyaline cartilage ; and they have a fibrous capsule that is lined by synovial membra ne. Page 13 1. What are the main constituents of ligaments? The ligaments are constituted of 2/3 water and 1/3 solids. Of the solids , 75% is collagen and the rest 25% is made of elastin, proteoglycans and other proteins and glycoproteins . 2. What type of loading should be applied to promote lengthening of the ligaments and lower resting tension? Sustained low tension for a few seconds to minutes. 3. What is boundary lubrication, and how is it achieved? Boundary lubrication is the lubrication that is achieved by the creation of a thin film of surface-active phospholipid that is held at the articular surface of the cartilage, preventing the articular surface to come into contact with each other. 4. What are bursae, and where can they be found? Bursae are sacs of connective tissue lined by synovial membrane internally and filled with fluid, similar to synovial one s. They can be found between skin and bone, muscle and bone, tendon and bone, and ligament and bone. Bursae reduce friction. Page 15 1. How would you describe a hinge joint? Hinge joints have one convex articular surface and the other concave, allowing rotational, flexion and extension movements. 2. Where in the body might you find a pivot joint? At the elbow (superior radioulnar joint) 1 Test Bank For Pett y's Principles of Musculoskeletal Treatment and Management, 4e 3. Why is the first carpometacarpal joint described as a saddle joint? Each articular surface is reciprocally concave in one plane and convex on the other, like a saddle on a horse. Page 25 1. What is the close -pack position of the ankle joint? The close-pack position of the ankle is maximum dorsiflexion. 2. What term is used to describe the study of joint movement? The study of the movement of the joint surfaces is termed ‘arthrokinematics’. 3. Can you describe how the articular surface shape influences the way the articular surface glides during movement? When the joint surface of the moving bone is concave, the glide usually occurs in the same direction as the bone is moving. When the joint surface is convex, the glide is usually in the opposite direction to the bone movement. 4. How can this information help in clinical assessment and treatment? The assessment and restoration or the normal direction and amount of gliding of the joint surfaces will facilitate normal restoration of the joint’s normal movement. Page 26 1. What are the main components of proprioception? The main components of proprioception are joint position sense, kinaesthesia and sensation of force. 2. What do you understand by the terms open and close d kinetic chain? In closed kinetic chains, a movement in a joint causes predictable movement patterns in other joints of the same chain , for example, knee flexion causes hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion when the leg is weight bearing. In open kinetic chains , a movement in one joint causes unpredictable movement patterns in another joint (or no movement at all) , such as knee extension when the lower limb is in non -weight-bearing positions. 3. What might you find on examination of end -feel in a patient with significant ligamentous injury? Laxity and notable give way. Page 28 1. Can you outline the impact of joint immobilization? Immobilization causes a reduction in the maximal voluntary contraction of the muscle and a decrease in the maximal firing rate of the motor neuron s supplying the muscles that act on the immobilized joint. 2. What is the impact of nociception on muscle activity? Joint nociception causes muscle inhibition and weakness. Page 32 2
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