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LIN1502 EXAM PACK 2023
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LIN1502EXAM
PACK 2023
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CONFIDENTIAL
OCT/NOV LIN1502
SECTION A: Multiple-choice questions
Answer all the questions by writing the correct answer on your exam
answer document
1. Which of the following is considered a divergent strategy?
[1] Using in-group slang when addressing a friend in an informal situation.
[2] Codeswitching when addressing a monolingual person.
[3] Speaking slowly and clearly to a beginner second-language learner.
[4] Answering in the language in which you were addressed.
2. Government policy relating to the use of the various languages in a country is known as
[1] language shift
[2] language planning
[3] governmental linguistics
[4] None of the above.
Read the following case study, then answer Questions 3 to 4. Some of the questions relate
directly to the data while others relate to the topic in a more general way:
In Mauritius, French coexists with a regional, colloquial variety of French known as
Mauritian Creole. Each of these varieties has a different social function: French is learnt
at school and used for official and literary purposes, while Creole is the language used for
everyday conversation.
3. The situation described above is known as
[1] stable bilingualism
[2] territorial monolingualism
[3] territorial multilingualism
[4] diglossia
[5] a dual-language programme
4. In Mauritius, French is known as the ----- variety.
[1] dominant
[2] minority
[3] high
[4] low
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Read the following case study and then answer Questions 5 to 14. Some of the questions relate
directly to the data while others relate to the topic in a more general way:
Xhosa is an African language that is spoken all over South Africa, but particularly in
the Eastern Cape and Western Cape regions. Xhosa belongs to the Nguni language
family and is thus related to Zulu. Xhosa and Zulu are similar enough to be mutually
intelligible. However, the history of Southern Africa has emphasised the distinctions
between the two communities - Xhosa and Zulu have different writing and spelling
systems, developed by different missionary societies in the two communities, and
the policies of the colonial and apartheid governments emphasised political and
cultural differences by setting up different geographical areas for different language
groups.
Different geographical regions use slightly different varieties of Xhosa, for example,
Xhosa speakers from Middelburg use the terms ipiringi ‘saucer’ and ikamire ‘room’,
while Xhosa speakers from Cradock use isosara ‘saucer’ and irum ‘room’. Despite
these differences in vocabulary and accent, Xhosa speakers have no difficulty
understanding each other.
5. Zulu and Xhosa are considered separate languages because
[1] they are mutually intelligible
[2] they are not mutually intelligible
[3] their speakers are culturally and politically distinct
[4] they are completely unrelated.
6. Which of the following offers the best definition of the sociolinguistic term dialect?
[1] Dialects are mutually intelligible forms of different languages.
[2] A dialect is a substandard, low status, often rustic form of language.
[3] Dialects are language varieties associated with particular geographical areas.
[4] Dialects are language varieties associated with particular social classes.
[5] The term ‘dialect’ refers to languages that have no written form.
7. Which of the following statements is true of accents?
[1] Speakers’ accents may reveal where they grew up.
[2] Speakers’ accents may reveal that they are speaking a language other than their
native language.
[3] Both [1] and [2] are true.
[4] None of the above.
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8. Which of the following statements is false?
[1] Some dialects are better than others.
[2] Some dialects have a higher status than others.
[3] Any dialect can be raised to language status if its speakers have sufficient
economic and/or military power.
[4] The standard language of a nation can be spread via the education system.
9. A language variety associated with a particular person is known as a(n)
[1] idiolect
[2] dialect
[3] sociolect
[4] ethnolect.
10. The Xhosa used in Middelburg and Cradock can be classified as two different
[1] idiolects
[2] dialects
[3] sociolects
[4] ethnolects
[5] languages.
11. The Xhosa terms isosara ‘saucer’ and irum ‘room’ are examples of
[1] borrowing
[2] codeswitching
[3] interference
[4] convergence.
12. One disadvantage of choosing Xhosa as South Africa’s only official language would be that
[1] Xhosa is an international language
[2] it could lead to tension between ethnic groups
[3] it would be cheaper than an 11-language policy.
13. Many Xhosa children learn through the medium of Xhosa for the first four years of school
and switch to English as medium of instruction from Grade 5, with Xhosa as a school
subject. This is an example of
[1] mother-tongue education
[2] an immersion programme
[3] a submersion programme
[4] a dual-language programme
[5] a transitional programme.
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