Summary Introduction to Research Methodology Notes
14 views 0 purchase
Course
Introduction to Research Methodology (424529B5)
Institution
Tilburg University (UVT)
This summary includes all the exam material for the course Introduction to Research Methodology. I passed this subject with a 7.5 using these notes. Good luck :)
The Empirical Cycle:
1. Observation
2. Theory (induction)
3. Prediction (deduction)
4. Testing
5. Evaluation
6. Observation
Chapter 2: Sources of Information
● Research is probabilistic: its findings are not expected to explain all cases all of the
time
● Availability heuristic: things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide our
thinking
● Present/present bias: when testing relationships, we often fail to look for absences
and also it’s easier to notice what is present
● Confirmation bias: we only acknowledge things that confirm our ideas
● The bias blind spot: when we believe that we aren’t susceptible to biases, but other
people are
● Empirical journal articles report the results of an empirical research study for the
first time
○ Empirical articles contain detail about the study’s method, the statistical tests
used, and the results of the study
● Review journal articles provide a summary of all of the published studies that have
been done in one research area
, Chapter 3: Three claims, Four validities
● Conceptual variables: abstract concepts / the elements of a theory
○ Example: coffee consumption
● Operational variables: the specific manipulations in order to study the conceptual
variables
○ Example: how often do people drink coffee?
Three claims
1. Frequency claims
● Arguments about the level of a single, measured variable in a group of people
● Variables are always measured, not manipulated
2. Association claims
● A variable is likely to be associated with another variable
3. Causal claims
● State that one variable is responsible for changes in another variable
The Four Big Validities
● Construct validity: is the conceptual variable operationalized well?
● External validity: can the results be generalized to a more general population?
● Statistical validity: how well do the numbers support the claim?
● Internal validity: are there alternative explanations for the results?
3 criteria for causal claims
1. Covariance
● The results show that two variables are associated
2. Temporal precedence
● One variable comes first, then the other variable
3. Internal validity
● The study’s ability to eliminate alternative explanations for the association
, Chapter 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research
Laws that regulate the ethics of a study
● The Nuremberg Code
● The Declaration of Helsinki
3 main principles for research (Belmont Report)
1. Respect for people
● Informed consent
● Protection for disabled people
2. Beneficence
● Protect from harm
● Anonymity and confidentiality
3. Justice
● A fair balance between the kinds of people who participate in the research and
the people who benefit from it
APA ethical principles
1. Fidelity + responsibility
2. Integrity
Animal research
● Replacement
○ Are there alternatives to testing on animals?
● Refinement
○ Minimize animal distress
● Reduction
○ Prefer studies that request as few animals as possible
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller avavanreisen. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.05. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
