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Samenvatting - barb13 Inleiding bouwtechnieken
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Uitgebreide samenvatting bouwtechnieken. Veel afbeeldingen, overzichtelijk. Met inhoudstafel.
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BOUWTECHNIEKENInhoudsopgave
LES 1.INLEIDING .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.LESMETHODIEK ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4
LES 2 . CONCEPT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.BUITENOMGEVING .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 ONZE PLANEET ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 KLIMAAT ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Macroklimaat ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Meso klimaat ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Micro klimaat ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
IMPACT ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2. MENSELIJKE OMGEVING : DE MENS........................................................................................................................................ 7
Bouwfysisch .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Maat ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.GEBOUWDE OMGEVING .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 CONCEPT .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Vier onderzoekthema’s : ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.CASESTUDY............................................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.TEKENMETHODIEK : CASE STUDIE .......................................................................................................................................... 15
6.CASE STUDY : MIES VAN DER ROHE ....................................................................................................................................... 15
LES 3 : BOUWMATERIALEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.BOUWSTENEN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.1 NATUURSTEEN ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.2 KLEI / AARDE : ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
ADOBE .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
CEB / leemsteen ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
1.3 BAKSTENEN .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.BETON ................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 BEKISTING ............................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 GEGOTEN BETON.................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.3STAMPBETON .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.4 STAMPLEEM ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.HOUT ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.1 longen van onze planeet ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
, 3.2 BOSBEHEER ............................................................................................................................................................................ 20
3.3 VAN BOOM TOT PLANK .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Drie verschillende bouwmethodes :........................................................................................................................................ 20
LES 4 : STRUCTUUR ................................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.INLEIDING .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.KRACHTEN ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.1 ZWAARTEKRACHT................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2 VECTOR ................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.3 EXTERNE KRACHTEN ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
PERMANENTE BELASTING ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
VERANDERLIJKE BELASTING .................................................................................................................................................... 23
VEILIGHEIDSBELASTINGEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
STATISCHE & DYNAMISCHE BELASTINGEN .............................................................................................................................. 24
RICHTING VAN DE BELASTING ................................................................................................................................................. 25
AANGRIJPINGSZONE / GROOTTE EN VORM BELASTINGEN ..................................................................................................... 25
ONDERGROND ......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
EXTERNE KRACHTEN ................................................................................................................................................................ 26
EFFECTEN ................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
STATISCHE EVENWICHT ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
INTERNE EFFECTEN .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.SPANNINGEN ......................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.1 Interne effecten ...................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.2 NORMAALSPANNING ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
DRUK........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
TREK ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
EIGENSCHAPPEN ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30
KETTINGLIJN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
3.3 BUIGSPANNING ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.STRUCTUREN EN ELEMENTEN ................................................................................................................................................ 34
4.1 BUIGSPANNING – WAPENING BETONBALK ................................................................................................................... 34
4.2 WERKENDE HOOGTE ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.3 TRAAGHEIDSMOMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.4 VORM VD SECTIE .................................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.5 LASTENDALING............................................................................................................................................................... 36
4.6 SKELETBOUW / MASSIEFBOUW ............................................................................................................................................. 37
4.7 HORIZONTALE STABILITEIT ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
4.8 FUNDERING ............................................................................................................................................................................ 38
4.9 STRUCTUREEL PLAN ............................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.CASESTUDY : Chapel in Tarnow – studio beton ...................................................................................................................... 39
6.CASESTUDY – La Casa Del ojo de agua – Dewes & puente ..................................................................................................... 39
LES 5 : ELEMENTEN ................................................................................................................................................................... 40
1.FUNDERINGEN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 40
1.1 ACTIE / REACTIE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40
1.2 INVLOED VAN GRONDSAMENSTELLING ................................................................................................................................. 41
, 1.3INVLOED VAN GRONDWATER ................................................................................................................................................. 43
OPEN BEMALING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43
BRON BEMALING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43
VERBETEREN VAN GRONDSTRUCTUUR ................................................................................................................................... 43
ONDERGRONDSE CONSTRUCTIES ........................................................................................................................................... 44
2.GEVEL OPENINGEN ................................................................................................................................................................ 46
2.1 ONTWERP ............................................................................................................................................................................... 46
2.2 CONSTRUCTIEF ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47
3.TRAPPEN ............................................................................................................................................................................... 49
3.1 ONTWERP ............................................................................................................................................................................... 49
REKENMODULE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 49
TEKENMETHODE → ................................................................................................................................................................. 50
4.GRAFISCHE ANALYSE VAN ARCHITECTURALE ELEMENTEN ..................................................................................................... 50
2.BEGRIPPEN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 51
3.CONSTRUCTIEVE SAMENSTELLING......................................................................................................................................... 52
3.1INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................................................................ 52
3.2INTERNE & EXTERNE CONDITIES ............................................................................................................................................. 52
De eisen die worden gesteld ah binnenklimaat (ed wijze waarop de gevel hierin determinerende rol speelt) .................... 52
De eisen ten gevolge vd externe condities ............................................................................................................................. 52
3.3CONSTRUCTIEVE EISEN............................................................................................................................................................ 53
GEVEL ............................................................................................................................................................................. 54
DAK .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
ONDERVLOER .......................................................................................................................................................................... 54
3.4 ALGEMENE ONTWERPPRINCIPES ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Volgens / evenwijdig met het vlak : aandachtspunten ; ......................................................................................................... 55
Dwars op het vlak : aandachtspunten ; ................................................................................................................................. 55
Gelaagde opbouw vormen verschillende samenstellende lagen samen 1 functioneel geheel .............................................. 55
Koppeling of verankering tssn lagen moeten bewegingen vd lagen tov kunnen opvangen .................................................. 55
Mate van doorlaatbaarheid of permeabiliteit : ....................................................................................................................... 55
Mate van variabiliteit , mogelijkheid om te reageren op wisselende omstandigheden ........................................................ 55
Structurele eigenschappen , dragend of niet-dragend ........................................................................................................... 56
Structurele hiërarchie.............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Structurele opbouw ve gevel................................................................................................................................................... 56
Ontwerpzones ......................................................................................................................................................................... 56
3.5 TERMISCHE LAAG ................................................................................................................................................................... 56
BELANGRIJKE ELEMENTEN VE TERMISCHE LAAG .................................................................................................................... 57
3.6 LUCHT EN DAMPDICHTHEID ................................................................................................................................................... 60
Impact op thermische prestaties – luchtconvectiestromen .................................................................................................... 60
2. impact op de vochthuishouding – luchtconvectiestromingen en dampdiffusie ................................................................ 61
3.7 SOORTEN WANDCONSTRUCTIES ............................................................................................................................................ 64
Ééntraps (water en lucht gecombineerd) .................................................................................................................................... 64
Luchtdicht ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Tweetraps (water en lucht gescheiden) ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Luchtopen ................................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Spouwmuur .................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
DAKEN ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Wanden met bekleding ........................................................................................................................................................... 67
LES 7 : BOUWEN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 71
1.PASSIEFHUIS TE LOKEREN blad architecten ........................................................................................................................... 71
, ONTWERP ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
PASSIEFHUIS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
ONDERGRONDSE CONSTRUCTIE .................................................................................................................................................. 71
LES 1.INLEIDING
- Slim bouwen
1.LESMETHODIEK - Materialen
- Productie
- Grondverzet /
bouwafval /..
- details
- bouwmethode
- bouwcultuur
- Comfort
- Cultuur /klimaat
- Ventilatie
- Duurzaam concept - Licht
- Locatie - Verwarming
- Orientatie / - Water,..
klimaat - Onderhoud
- Voor wie/ cultuur - gebruikstermijn
- Waarom
- Positief / neutraal / negatief
- Sociaal
- Cultureel
LES 2 . CONCEPT - Economisch
- Ecologisch
1.BUITENOMGEVING
1.1 ONZE PLANEET
->meer zon
->kortere belichting
->zeer korte belichting
→ontwerper belangrijk om rekening mee te houden
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