clean needle technique HB kim book Questions With Complete Solutions

natural barriers correct answer: skin and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum stomach acid healthy cells of the nose and lungs normal mucus and saliva nonspecific factors: tears, urine, acidity of vaginal secretions types of infection correct answer: autogenous infection and cross infection autogenous infection correct answer: caused by pathogens that the patient is already carrying cross infection correct answer: caused by pathogens acquired from another person two types of microorganism on the skin correct answer: transient and resident transient organism correct answer: those picked up from one patient and transferred to another patient soap is sufficient for cleaning resident organism correct answer: extra risk for immuno-compromised patient germicidal soap must be used staphylococcus correct answer: the most serious contaminant found on the skin and on other surfaces handwashing correct answer: the single most important action in preventing cross infection hepatitis A and E correct answer: transmitted via fecal contaminated food and water hepatitis B C D (non B) correct answer: transmitted via bood and or sexual exposure hepatitis A (HAV) correct answer: mainly due to poor sanitation and overcrowding incubation period 15-50 days, abrupt onset with high fever to 100.4 F other sx: loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting 2 weeks later: jaundice most common in children and young adults, peak in autumn individual with HAV cannot be reinfected symptoms are mild, no chronic carrier states, HAV vaccination available. hepatitis B (HBV) correct answer: bloodborne pathogen, most serious threat to health care workers. due to IV users and high sexual activity, most common between 15 to 29 years age. incubation period 45-160 days begins with mild flu like symtoms such as fever, malaise, insidious onset of anorexia, abdominal pain other symptoms: chills, nausea, joint pains, rash and diarrhea