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Samenvatting Immunologie
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  • Course
  • Hematologie 1
  • Institution
  • Artesis Plantijn Hogeschool Antwerpen (Artesis)

Samenvatting deel immunologie uit Hematologie 1 AP hogeschool Antwerpen

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Document information

  • October 19, 2023
  • 21
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • immunologie
  • hematologie 1
  • ap
  • biomedische laboratoriumtechnieken

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  • Artesis Plantijn Hogeschool Antwerpen (Artesis)
  • Biomedische Laboratoriumtechnologie
  • Hematologie 1
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IMMUNOLOGIE Nette Moons
2022 - 2023

LECTOR PITTOIS KAREN

,INHOUDSOPGAVEN

1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Onderscheid tussen eigen en niet-eigen ....................................................................................................... 2

1.2 De pathogenen .............................................................................................................................................. 3

1.3 Plaats van het verweer .................................................................................................................................. 3

1.4 Enkele begrippen........................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Het niet-specifiek verweer .................................................................................................................................. 6

2.1 Barrières van het niet-specifieke verweer .................................................................................................... 6

2.2 De cellen van het niet-specifiek verweer: ..................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Cellulaire mechanismen: ............................................................................................................................... 7

2.4 Onderscheid tussen eigen en niet-eigen: receptoren ................................................................................... 9

2.5 De eiwitten van het niet-specifiek verweer: ................................................................................................. 9

3. Het specifiek verweer: antigenen ..................................................................................................................... 12

3.1 Inleiding: fronten, vergelijking specifiek/niet-specifiek verweer ................................................................ 12

3.2 Antigenen .................................................................................................................................................... 12

4. Het specifiek verweer: antilichamen ................................................................................................................. 16

4.1 Structuur ..................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.2 Isotypes ....................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.3 Biologische functies ..................................................................................................................................... 18

4.4 Antigeen-antilichaaminteractie................................................................................................................... 18

4.5 Werking antilichamen ................................................................................................................................. 19

Lesdoelen .............................................................................................................................................................. 20

1. Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................... 20

2. Het niet-specifiek verweer ............................................................................................................................ 20

3. Het specifiek verweer: antigenen ................................................................................................................. 20

4. Het specifiek verweer: antilichamen ............................................................................................................. 20




1

, 1. INLEIDING

Het verweer
• Voorkomt invasie van vreemde organismen en moleculen → bescherming tegen ziekte
• Balans tussen vernietigen vreemde cellen en vermijden van zelfdestructie
→ Onderscheid tussen eigen en niet-eigen
→ Afwijkingen
o Immuundeficiëntie : verzwakt immuunsysteem (Vb. AIDS)
o Hypergevoeligheid : overactief (allergie)
o Auto-immuniteit : reactie tegen eigen lichaamscellen
• Spreken over 2 soorten verweer
o Niet-specifiek verweer = aangeboren = innate immune system
o Specifiek verweer = verworven = adaptive immune system



1.1 ONDERSCHEID TUSSEN EIGEN EN NIET -EIGEN

Niet-eigen = indringers zoals bacteriën, abnormale lichaamscellen (kanker),…

Niet-specifiek Specifiek
• Bestaande, aangeboren componenten • Verworven
• Snelle respons: min. • Respons: dagen
• Niet-specifiek: zelfde moleculen voor hele • Zeer specifiek: cellen zijn genetisch
reeks pathogenen geprogrammeerd om te reageren op één
• Algemene receptoren: ‘pattern-recognition’ antigeen
moleculen • AG herkennende moleculen
• Geen geheugen • Geheugen
• Weinig afwijkingen • Frequent afwijkingen: auto-immuniteit,
immuundeficiëntie

Receptoren
Het immuunsysteem beschikt over receptoren die tijdens de ontwikkeling ‘leren’ welke eigen en niet-eigen zijn

Receptor/ligand interactie = algemeen biochemisch verschijnsel → manier van communicatie / geeft reactie

[L][R]
Kd = [LR]
= bindings- of associatieconstante → indien klein = grote affiniteit tussen ligand en receptor




2

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