Summary of the piece “Vector-space models of words and sentences” by Repplinger et al. (2018). It describes in 4 steps how NLP made the transition from logic-based models to contemporary vector space models.
13 - Vector-space models of words and sentences - Repplinger et al. (2018)
In dit artikel wordt in 4 stappen beschreven hoe NLP de transitie heeft gemaakt van op logica
gebaseerde modellen naar hedendaagse vector-space modellen:
• Wat zijn de karakteristieke elementen van de stap die wordt beschreven?
• Wat zijn de sterke en zwakke punten van de benadering binnen deze stap?
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): focuses on developing mathematical and computational
models of language
- logical models played a key role in uncovering and detailing the complexity of language
structure
- vector-space models: words are represented as numerical vectors, and sentence meanings are
computed using a variety of operatioins from lineair algebra
- semantics: de studie van de betekenis van taaluitdrukkingen bedoelt, met name hoe woorden,
zinnen en taalconstructies betekenis overbrengen
Step 1: Montague semantics – celebrating the sentence, ignoring the word
- Montague semantics provided a systematic way to translate natural language to a logical
language; this system combines insights from various modeling traditions:
→ categorical grammer: system to assign syntactic categories to words
- nouns: PN, verbs: receive ‘complex category’ → e.g. love = (S\PN)/PN
→ intensional logic: higher-order typed logic, but the semantic, logical representation is derived
simultaneously with the grammatical derivation → logical expressions with lambda calculus
- e.g. love = λqλp[love(p)(q)] → semantics of the first argument ends up in the place of
the variable marked with the first λ in the expression
- principle of compositionality: the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the
meanings of its constituents and the rules used to combine them
- recursion: recursively defined processes are widely believed to underly the capacity of
speakers of a language to build and understand arbitrary expressions of the language
(- arbitrary expression is een concept dat in een bepaalde context kan worden toegepast zonder
specifieke beperkingen of definities, waardoor het een breed scala aan mogelijke interpretaties kan
hebben)
→ recursive syntactic processing: complex expressions from a set of simple ‘building blocks’
→ recursive semantic process: understand a potential infinitude of distinct meanings
- formal semantics derives the meaning of a sentence from its smaller constituents, but the
meaning of words (the lexical foundation) receives less attention
- there is a limited integration of individual semantic theories & no syntactically defined subset
of the language which can be semantically analyzed in completion
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller immederoever. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.28. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
