Maryville University NURS611 PATHO Exam 2 2023/2024| Latest Version
2 views 0 purchase
Course
Nurs611
Institution
Nurs611
Maryville University NURS611 PATHO
Exam 2 2023/2024| Latest Version
Parasympathetic Nervous System Correct Answer Conserves energy and the
body's resources
Sympathetic Nervous System Correct Answer Responds to stress by preparing
the body to defend itself (fight or flight). Releases catecholam...
Maryville University NURS611 PATHO
Exam 2 2023/2024| Latest Version
Parasympathetic Nervous System Correct Answer Conserves energy and the
body's resources
Sympathetic Nervous System Correct Answer Responds to stress by preparing
the body to defend itself (fight or flight). Releases catecholamines (epinephrine),
mobilizes energy stores, for instance, glucose to muscles, decreases the release of
insulin, redirects blood supply from the gut to the muscles, heart, and lungs.
The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by doing
which of the following: (select all that apply)
A. Decreasing mucous production
B. Increasing blood sugar levels
C. Increasing body temperature
D. Decreasing sweat excretion
E. Increasing blood pressure Correct Answer B, C, E
*in general, sympathetic stimulation promotes responses that are concerned with the
protection of the individual, which include increasing glucose, body temp, and BP.
Which characteristic is the most critical index of nervous system dysfunction?
Correct Answer Level of consciousness
*LOC is the most critical clinical index of nervous system function or dysfunction. An
alteration in consciousness indicates either improvement or deterioration of a
person's condition.
Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?
Correct Answer Prefrontal lobe
*The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior such as the ability to
concentrate, short-term or recall memory, and the elaboration of thought and
inhibition on the limbic areas of the CNS
Where is the region responsible for the motor aspects of speech? Correct Answer
Broca area in the frontal lobe
*Broca speech area is the only region responsible for the motor aspects of speech
Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which area of the
brain? Correct Answer Basal ganglia
Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of
behavioral pattens are main functions of which area of the brain? Correct Answer
Hypothalamus
*hypothalamic function falls into 2 major areas: maintenance of a constant internal
environment, and implementation of behavioral patterns
What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and
behavioral states? Correct Answer Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
,Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing,
swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain? Correct
Answer Medulla oblongata
*the medulla oblongata makes up the myelencephalon and is the lowest portion of
the brainstem
Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious
muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture? Correct Answer
Cerebellum
The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output? Correct
Answer 20% or 800-1000mL of blood flow per minute
What evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences trauma to
the hypothalamus? (select all that apply)
A. Uneven expression of mood
B. Unstable blood glucose levels
C. Poor regulation of body temperature
D. Visual disturbances such as blurred vision
E. N/V and symptoms of GERD Correct Answer A, B, C
*The hypothalamus forms the base of the diencephalon. Hypothalamic function
controls autonomic nervous system function, regulation of body temperature,
endocrine function (glucose levels), and regulation of emotional expression.
What is the first defense of our bodies? Correct Answer Skin and mucous
membranes
What is the purpose of the inflammatory process? Correct Answer To prevent
infection of the injured tissue.
*If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and system response
(inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection,
and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue
What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection? Correct Answer Edema, warmth,
redness, and pain
Which type of White blood cell is the first to arrive at the site of infection? Correct
Answer Leukocytes
Focal Brain Injury Correct Answer Specific brain lesions that occur in a precise
location. (stroke, epidural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage)
Diffuse Brain Injury Correct Answer Affects the entire brain (hypoxia, meningitis,
and encephalitis)
What is commonly seen after a TBI? Correct Answer Swelling.
*Swelling can lead to dangerous increases in intracranial pressure which can cause
collateral dysfunction (diabetes insipidus - ADH is not secreted = polyuria_
, What do we watch for in diabetes insipidus? Correct Answer Increased
intracranial pressure
Why does increased intracranial pressure cause diabetes insipidus? Correct
Answer Pressure is applied to the pituitary gland and prevents ADH from being
released, thus causing polyuria.
**Closely monitor urine output in these patients, output will get very high!
What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord
injury at or above the T5-T6 level that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well
as piloerection (goosebumps) and sweating above the spinal cord lesion? Correct
Answer Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia)
Autonomic Hyperreflexia (dysreflexia) Correct Answer Can occur after a spinal
cord injury to T5 or above. Characterized by paroxysmal hypertension (up to 300mm
Hg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the
lesion with flushing of the skin, bradycardia (30-40bpm), piloerection (goosebumps),
vasodilation above injury and vasoconstriction below injury.
What can trigger autonomic hyperreflexia? Correct Answer Full bladder, fecal
impaction, or restrictive clothing.
What causes sweating above the level of the injury in autonomic hyperreflexia?
Correct Answer The spinal cord injury results in disturbed thermal control because
the hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat a a result of a damaged
sympathetic nervous system
What causes bradycardia in autonomic hyperreflexia? Correct Answer
Stimulation of the carotid sinus to the vagus nerve to the sinoatrial node, causing the
SA node to slow way dow to 30-40bpm
A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops
severe hypertension and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred
vision. The most likely explanation of these clinical manifestations is what?
Correct Answer He is developing autonomic hyperreflexia.
Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?
A. An individual with diabetes celebrating his 70th birthday
B. A man diagnosed with schizophrenia
C. An individual on the second day after hip replacement
D. A depressed Hispanic woman Correct Answer C - The individual on the
second day after hip replacement.
* Delirium is associated with autonomic nervous system over-activity and typically
develops in 2-3 days, most commonly in ICUs, post-surigcally, or during withdrawal
from CNS depressants (alcohol, narcotic agents)
Delirium Correct Answer Typically occurs in older adults. Onset is acute
(common during hospitalization) and can last from hours to weeks, remits with
treatment. Attention and orientation are impaired, thoughts are disorganized,
delusions, hallucinations and illusions can occur.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TUTORWAC. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
