ERFRECHT EN GIFTEN
DEEL 1: ERFRECHT............................................................................................................................. 5
H1: erven......................................................................................................................................... 5
basisbegrippen............................................................................................................................. 5
openvallen van de nalatenschap.................................................................................................. 5
H2: erfbekwaamheid....................................................................................................................... 6
begrip en voorwaarden................................................................................................................ 6
H3: wettelijke erfgerechtigden........................................................................................................ 7
wie is wettelijk erfgerechtigd?...................................................................................................... 7
eerste orde: aanwezigheid van afstammelingen..........................................................................8
tweede orde: aanwezigfheid van broers en zussen, vader en moeder.........................................9
derde orde: loutere ascendenten............................................................................................... 10
vierde orde: verdere zijverwanten..............................................................................................10
Wettelijke terugkeer................................................................................................................... 11
H4: de langstlevende echtgenoot.................................................................................................. 11
plaats van de langstlevende echtgenoot in de devolutie............................................................11
Voorwaarde voor het erfrecht van de langstlevende echtgenoot...............................................11
welk erfrecht verkrijgt de LLE?................................................................................................... 12
samenloop met afstammelingen.............................................................................................13
Samenloop met nauwe zijverwanten of met ascendenten......................................................13
Wettelijk toegekend opvolgend vruchtgebruik........................................................................14
Samenloop met bloedverwanten van de vierde graad of geen samenloop.............................14
het erfrechtelijk vruchtgebruik van de LLE.................................................................................15
H5: de langstlevende wettelijke samenwonende partner..............................................................15
Erfrecht voor de LLP................................................................................................................... 15
H6: de staat als onregelmatige erfopvolger..................................................................................17
H7: hoe de nalatenschap verkregen wordt....................................................................................17
De positie van de erfgerechtigde...............................................................................................17
het bezit van de nalatenschap................................................................................................... 18
de erfkeuze................................................................................................................................ 18
verwerping.............................................................................................................................. 19
Zuivere aanvaarding............................................................................................................... 20
aanvaarding onder voorecht van boedelbeschrijving..............................................................20
bewijs van erfrechtelijke hoedanigheid......................................................................................22
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, H8: centraal erfrechtregister......................................................................................................... 22
H9: vereffening en verdeling van de nalatenschap.......................................................................22
basisbegrippen........................................................................................................................... 22
omzetting van erfrechtelijk vruchtgebruik..................................................................................23
vereffening en verdeling van de nalatenschap...........................................................................25
Vereffening en verdeling......................................................................................................... 25
soorten verdeling.................................................................................................................... 25
bepalingen die voor elke verdeling gelden..............................................................................27
heling...................................................................................................................................... 28
inbreng van giften...................................................................................................................... 29
inbreng van schenkingen........................................................................................................ 29
inbreng van legaten................................................................................................................ 33
Inbreng van schulden.............................................................................................................. 33
gevolgen van de verdeling......................................................................................................... 33
DEEL 2: GIFTEN................................................................................................................................. 34
giften zijn beschikkingen om niet.................................................................................................. 34
algemene regels voor giften.......................................................................................................... 35
de toestemming......................................................................................................................... 35
gezondheid van geest............................................................................................................. 36
wilsgebreken........................................................................................................................... 36
bewkaamheid om te geven........................................................................................................ 37
algemene onbewkaamheid om te geven: minderjarigen en beschermde meerderjarigen......37
andere algemene beperkingen van het recht tot geven.........................................................38
specifieke onbewkaamheid om te geven................................................................................38
bekwaamheid om te krijgen....................................................................................................... 38
bestaande personen................................................................................................................ 38
bepaalbare of onbepaalbare personen....................................................................................39
aanvaarding door onbekewamen............................................................................................39
rechtspersonen onder administratief toezicht.........................................................................39
bijzondere onbekwaamheden om te krijgen............................................................................40
voorwerp van de gift.................................................................................................................. 41
oorzaken van de gift................................................................................................................... 41
voorwaarden en lasten............................................................................................................... 42
nietigheid van onmogelijke of ongeoorloofde voorwaarden....................................................42
voorwaarde............................................................................................................................. 43
last.......................................................................................................................................... 43
2
, giften met bewaarplicht.......................................................................................................... 45
H3: schenkingen............................................................................................................................ 45
specifieke regels inzake schenkingen.........................................................................................45
het schenkingscontract........................................................................................................... 45
verarming en verrijking........................................................................................................... 46
intentie om te schenken – aanvaarding...................................................................................46
dadelijkheid en onherroelijkheid............................................................................................. 47
modaliteiten die met de vereiste van onherroepelijkheid verenigbaar zijn.............................47
ontbinding wegens niet-nakoming.......................................................................................... 48
herroeping wegens ondankbaarheid.......................................................................................49
herroeping van schenkingen tussen echtgenoten...................................................................49
schenkingsvormen..................................................................................................................... 50
schenking bij notariële akte.................................................................................................... 50
handgift................................................................................................................................... 50
onrechtstreekse schenking..................................................................................................... 51
bankgift................................................................................................................................... 52
vermomde schenking.............................................................................................................. 52
H4: testamentaire giften en legaten..............................................................................................53
essentiële kenmerken van het testament..................................................................................53
eigenhandig testament.............................................................................................................. 54
notarieel testament.................................................................................................................... 56
testament in internationale vorm............................................................................................... 56
herroeping van het testament.................................................................................................... 57
legaten....................................................................................................................................... 58
algemeen legaat (art 4.193 BW).............................................................................................59
legaat onder algemene titel (art 4.195 BW)............................................................................60
bijzonder legaat (art 4.201 BW).............................................................................................. 60
Belang van het onderscheid.................................................................................................... 60
H5: drie bijzondere giften.............................................................................................................. 61
Contractuele erfstelling.............................................................................................................. 61
ascendentenverdeling................................................................................................................ 62
dubbele giften met en zonder bewaarplicht...............................................................................62
DEEL III: reserve en beschikbaar deel...............................................................................................62
H1: De reserve.............................................................................................................................. 63
H2: wie geniet van de reservebescherming...................................................................................63
afstammelingen en de LLE......................................................................................................... 63
3
, uitgesloten van reservebescherming......................................................................................... 63
H3: onder welke voorwaarden geniet een erfgenaam de reservebescherming?...........................63
H4: waartegen is de reservataire erfgenaam beschermd?............................................................64
H5: hoe wordt de reservataire erfgenaam beschermd?.................................................................64
omvang van de reserve.............................................................................................................. 64
de rekenboedel.......................................................................................................................... 65
aanrekening van de schenkingen............................................................................................... 66
inkorting..................................................................................................................................... 68
inkorting als ultieme stap........................................................................................................ 68
inkorting van de legaten......................................................................................................... 68
inkorting van schenkingen...................................................................................................... 69
H6: verzaking aan reservebescherming........................................................................................ 70
H7: reserve van de LLE.................................................................................................................. 70
reserve in vruchtgebruik......................................................................................................... 70
concrete reserve..................................................................................................................... 71
abstracte reserve.................................................................................................................... 71
andere afwijkende regels........................................................................................................ 73
ontneming en afstand van de reserve van de LLE...................................................................73
DEEL IV: ERFOVEREENKOMSTEN...................................................................................................... 74
H1: inleidende beschouwing.......................................................................................................... 74
H2: verboden en toegelaten erfovereenkomsten..........................................................................74
erfovereenkomst onder kosteloze titel.......................................................................................74
Verboden overeenkomst......................................................................................................... 74
toegelaten overeenkomsten................................................................................................... 75
erfovereenkomst onder bezwarende titel...................................................................................75
verboden erfovereenkomsten.................................................................................................... 75
toegelaten erfovereenkomsten...............................................................................................75
regels die voor alle toegelaten erfovereenkomsten gelden........................................................75
vorm en geldigheidsvoorschriften...........................................................................................75
miskenning van de vorm- en geldigheidsvereisten.................................................................76
gevolg van geldig gesloten erfovereenkomsten......................................................................76
publiciteit van erfovereenkomsten..........................................................................................76
de globale erfovereenkomst....................................................................................................... 76
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