Volledige samenvatting - personen, familie en familiaal vermogensrecht
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Course
Personen familie en familiaal vermogensrecht
Institution
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
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PERSONEN- FAMILIE- EN
RELATIEVERMOGENSRECHT
inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
H1: ontwikkelingen en actuele tendensen .................................................................................................................................................... 9
A1: familie- en relatievermogensrecht als spiegel van de maatschappelijke waarden .................................................................. 9
A2: ontwikkelingen ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
§1. Ancien régime ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
§2. Negentiende eeuw tot eerste helft van de 20ste eeuw .............................................................................................................. 9
§3. Na de 2de WO ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
H2: bronnen van het personen-, familie- en relatievermogensrecht ................................................................................................... 11
A1: nationale bronnen ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
§1. Burgerlijk wetboek ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11
§2. Gerechtelijk wetboek ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
§3 specifieke wetten en decreten ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
§4 grondwet .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
A2: internationale normen ......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
§1 Europees verdrag voor de rechten van de mens ....................................................................................................................... 13
§3 Internationaal verdrag betreffende de rechten van het kind .................................................................................................. 13
§4 Unierecht ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
DEEL 1: afstamming en adoptie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
H1: afstamming .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
A1: inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
A2: evoluties in het afstammingsrecht .................................................................................................................................................... 15
§1. Burgerlijk wetboek ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15
§2. Arrest Marckx.................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
§3 afstammingswetten van 1987 en 2006 .......................................................................................................................................... 15
§4 wet van 2007 medisch begeleide voortplanting ......................................................................................................................... 15
§5. Wet 5 mei 2014 vaststelling afstamming meemoederszijde .................................................................................................. 15
§6. Rechtspraak grondwettelijk hof en wet 21 december 2018 .................................................................................................. 16
§7 Meeouderschap .................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
A3: afstamMing langs de moederzijde ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
§1 geboorteakte ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
1
, §2. Erkenning............................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
§4. Gerechtelijke vaststelling van het moederschap ....................................................................................................................... 18
A4: afstamming langs vaderszijde ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
§1. Vaderschapsregel............................................................................................................................................................................... 18
§2. Erkenning............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
§3 gerechtelijke vaststelling ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
A5: afstamming na medisch begeleide voortplanting en afstamming van moederszijde ............................................................ 28
§1 medisch begeleide voortplanting .................................................................................................................................................... 28
§2 afstamming na medisch begeleide voortplanting ........................................................................................................................ 29
§3 afstamming langs meemoederszijde............................................................................................................................................... 30
§4 donorkinderen: het recht van het kind om zijn afkomst te kennen ..................................................................................... 32
h2: adoptie .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
A1: inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
A2: soorten adoptie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
A3: voorwaarden voor adoptie ................................................................................................................................................................ 34
§1 hoedanigheid van de adoptanten .................................................................................................................................................... 34
§2 grondvoorwaarden ............................................................................................................................................................................ 35
§3 leeftijdsvoorwaarden ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
§4 geschiktheid ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
§5 toestemming ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
A4: adoptieprocedure ................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
§1 buitengerechterlijk procedure ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
§2 gerechtelijke procedure ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
A5: gevolgen van adoptie ........................................................................................................................................................................... 38
§1 gevolgen gemeenschappelijk aan volle en gewone adoptie ..................................................................................................... 38
§2 gevolgen eigen aan volle adoptie .................................................................................................................................................... 38
§3 Gevolgen eigen aan gewone adoptie ............................................................................................................................................. 38
A6: beeindigen van de adoptie .................................................................................................................................................................. 39
§1 overlijden van de adoptant .............................................................................................................................................................. 39
§2. HERZIENING .................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
§3 herroeping............................................................................................................................................................................................ 39
§4. VASTSTELLING VAN EEN OORSPRONKELIJKE AFSTAMMINGSBAND JEGENS ADOPTANT ........................... 39
§5. NIEUWE ADOPTIE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 40
recht van adoptiekind om zijn afkomst te kennen ............................................................................................................................... 40
deel II: identiteit van de persoon: naam en geslacht..................................................................................................................................... 40
HI: naam .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
2
, A1: begrip, aard en kenmerken ................................................................................................................................................................ 40
§1: begrip ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
§2 aard van kenmerken .......................................................................................................................................................................... 41
A2: familienaam ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
§1 vaststezlling van de naam: huidig stelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 42
§4 verandering van familienaam ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
A3: voornaam ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46
§1 vaststelling van de voornaam .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
§2 verandering van de voornaam ........................................................................................................................................................ 46
H2: geslacht ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 47
A1: geslacht, gender en genderidentiteit ................................................................................................................................................ 47
A2: vaststelling van het geslacht ............................................................................................................................................................... 47
A3: aanpassing van de registratie naar zelfbeschikking ....................................................................................................................... 48
§1 evolutie van strikte medische voorwaarden naar zelfbeschikking ......................................................................................... 48
§2 gedeeltelijke vernietiging door het grondwettelijk hof ............................................................................................................ 48
§3 voorwaarden voor de aanpassing van registratie geslacht ...................................................................................................... 48
§ 4 procedure tot wijziging van het geslacht .................................................................................................................................... 49
§5 afstamming van kinderen van personen die de registratie van hun geslacht hebben aangepast .................................... 49
deel III: minderjarige kind .................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
H1: handelingsonbekwaamheid van minderjarigen ................................................................................................................................... 50
A1: begrip en situering ................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
A2: uitzonDerlijke handelingsbekwaamheid .......................................................................................................................................... 50
§2 niet leeftijdsgebonden handelingsbekwaamheid ......................................................................................................................... 50
§3 leeftijdsgebonden handelingsbekwaamheid ................................................................................................................................. 51
A3: Volledige handelingsonbekwaamheid .............................................................................................................................................. 51
§1 wie vertegenwoordigt het kind? ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
§2 machtigingsvereiste ............................................................................................................................................................................ 51
§4 sancties.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Beperkte handelingsbekwaamheid ........................................................................................................................................................... 52
§1 bijstand .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 52
§2 instemming ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
§3 verzet .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
H2: ouderlijke rechten en plichten............................................................................................................................................................... 52
A1: ouderlijk gezag ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
§1 historiek ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53
§3. TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................................................................................................... 53
3
, §4. BESTANDDELEN ............................................................................................................................................................................. 53
§5 titularis van het ouderlijk gezag ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
§6 uitoefening van het ouderlijk gezag ............................................................................................................................................... 55
§7 procedurele aspecten van geschillen met betrekking tot ouderlijk gezag, verblijf en recht op persoonlijk contact 56
A2: ouderlijke verplichtingen .................................................................................................................................................................... 57
§1 de verplichting tot levensonderhoud en opvoeding .................................................................................................................. 58
§3 plicht tot respect ................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
H3: voogdij ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
§1 ontstaan en einde van de voogdij ................................................................................................................................................... 60
§2 organisatie van de voogdij ................................................................................................................................................................ 60
§3 werking van de voogdij ..................................................................................................................................................................... 62
§4 verantwoording over de voogdij .................................................................................................................................................... 62
H4: Recht op persoonlijk contact ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
DEEL 4: tweerelaties: huwelijk en samenwoning..................................................................................................................................................... 63
H1: inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 63
H2: huwelijk: aangaan van een huwelijk ...................................................................................................................................................... 63
A1: grondvoorwaarden............................................................................................................................................................................... 63
§1 geslacht ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
§2 partner in leven .................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
§3 leeftijd.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
§4 ongehuwde staat ................................................................................................................................................................................ 64
§5 toestemming ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 64
§6 instemming van de ouders ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
§7 huwelijksbeletselen met verwanten en aanverwanten ............................................................................................................. 65
A2: vormvereisten ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
§1: aangifte van het huwelijk ................................................................................................................................................................. 66
§2: wachttijd en termijn voor de voltrekking van het huwelijk ................................................................................................... 66
§3: voltrekking van het huwelijk........................................................................................................................................................... 66
§4: uitstel of weigering door ABS ........................................................................................................................................................ 67
A3: nietigverklaring van het huwelijk ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
§1: algemeen .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 67
§2: nietigheidsgronden ............................................................................................................................................................................ 67
§3 gevolgen ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68
H3: de gevolgen van het huwelijk: primair huwelijksstelsel ................................................................................................................... 68
A1: situering................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
A2: kenmerken van het primaire huwelijksstelsel ............................................................................................................................... 68
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