Chapter 02: Inflammation and Repair
Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the body is referred to as
a. emigration.
b. atrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: B
Atrophy is ...
Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th
Edition Ibsen:
chapter 2
,Chapter 02: Inflammation and Repair
Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the body is referred to as
a. emigration.
b. atrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: B
Atrophy is defined as a decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the
whole body. Emigration is the passage of white blood cells through the endothelium and wall
of the microcirculation into the injured tissue. Hyperplasia is the enlargement of a tissue or
organ resulting from an increase in the number of normal cells. Phagocytosis is the process of
ingestion and digestion of particulate material by cells.
REF: Reactive Tissue Response, page 43 OBJ: 8
2. The first response of the body to injury is
a. anaphylaxis.
b. erythema.
c. fever.
d. inflammation.
ANS: D
The inflammatory response is the first reaction to injury, and it involves a series of
microscopic events. Anaphylaxis is a severe type of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in
which there is an exaggerated immunologic reaction resulting from the release of vasoactive
substances such as histamine. Erythema is redness of the skin or mucosa and is a local sign of
inflammation. Fever is the elevation of the normal body temperature and is a systemic sign of
inflammation.
REF: Inflammation, page 34 OBJ: 1
3. Which type of inflammation occurs when the injury is minimal and brief and its source is
removed from the tissue?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
c. Local
d. Systemic
ANS: A
Acute inflammation occurs when the injury is minimal and brief. Chronic inflammation
occurs when the inflammatory response lasts for longer periods, even indefinitely. Local is a
term used to describe a specific area of inflammation. Systemic factors such as fever,
leukocytosis, and lymphadenopathy occur when the injury is extensive.
REF: Inflammation, page 34 OBJ: 2
, 4. Which cell is the first to arrive at the site of injury and is the primary cell type involved in
acute inflammation?
a. Macrophage
b. Neutrophil
c. Plasma cell
d. Mast cell
ANS: B
The neutrophil is the first cell to arrive at the site of injury and is the primary cell type
involved in acute inflammation. The macrophage is the second cell type to participate in the
inflammatory response. The plasma cell is involved in chronic inflammation. The mast cell
participates in both the inflammatory and immune responses.
REF: White Blood Cells in the Inflammatory Response, page 38
OBJ: 4
5. Which symptom is not a classic local sign of inflammation?
a. Redness
b. Swelling
c. Leukocytosis
d. Loss of normal tissue function
ANS: C
Leukocytosis is an increase in the number of white blood cells and is a sign of systemic
inflammation. Redness is a local clinical change at the site of injury and is one of the classic
local signs of inflammation. Swelling is a local clinical change observed at the site of injury
and is one of the classic localNsig
URnsSoIf N
inG TBm.aCtionM. Loss of normal tissue function at the site
flam
of injury is a classic local sign of inflammation.
REF: Leukocytosis, page 41 OBJ: 5
6. Healing of an injury with little tissue loss, such as a surgical incision, is referred to as healing
by which type of intention?
a. Tertiary
b. Keloid
c. Secondary
d. Primary
ANS: D
Healing by primary intention occurs when there is very little loss of tissue. The clean edges of
the surgical incision are joined with sutures, and very little granulation tissue forms. Healing
by tertiary intention occurs when an infection develops at the site of a surgical incision that is
healing by primary intention. Healing by secondary intention may ensue. Keloid formation is
excessive scar tissue development that can occur in healing by secondary intention when there
is a significant loss of tissue. Healing by secondary intention occurs when the injury involves
significant loss of tissue and the edges of the injury cannot be joined during healing. A large
clot forms, resulting in an increase in granulation tissue.
REF: Healing by Primary Intention, page 45 OBJ: 11
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